有限时间实际蒸汽动力循环热力性能优化

基于有限时间热力学的理论,根据平均温度法建立循环模型,得出在保持无因次功率PN为定值的条件下,使无因次熵产率σS达最小的最佳温差方程.分析了实际蒸汽动力循环反映温差的各无量纲量x、y、α和性能参数比β等对循环性能的影响.研究结果表明,在循环不可逆损失一定时,可采用提高高低温热源温度比α、降低性能参数比β的方法来提高功率PN.     

服务业创新与现代产业体系构建

通过高铁案例,说明在现代产业体系形成过程中,服务业技术创新具有至关重要的作用。但不是所有的服务业技术创新都能对现代产业体系的构建起到至关重要的作用。服务业技术创新还需要同时具备以下条件:(1)技术创新必须发生在能够带动其他产业发展的生产性服务业部门;(2)技术创新必须与一国的自然和社会环境相适应,具有可持续性;(3)必须是原创性技术创新。要素禀赋与技术创新的内生关系使中国技术创新存在路径依赖,很难出现符合以上条件的技术创新。因此,政府对创新的正确干预和引导将有利于推动我国现代产业体系的形成。     

广东省与江西省制造业集聚发展状况的对比研究

对广东省与江西省两个差异显著的省区制造业集聚状况从不同角度进行对比分析:从区域方面对比分析,发现制造业在江西省比广东省在空间上更为集聚;从行业方面分析,发现两省最为集聚的产业基本上是一些资本或技术密集型行业,最为分散的产业是技术含量低的劳动密集型行业。一些资源加工型行业、资本技术密集型行业以及历史悠久的传统行业在广东省与江西省集聚态势差异显著。实证分析表明,影响两省制造业集聚的因素存在一定的差异,但也存在着相似性。导致差异的原因源于制造业在不同省区的自然优势、集聚效应以及内涵的差异,但政策与制度因素仍然是主导。     

《劳动合同法》对企业成本影响的测算方法与实证研究——金融危机下的应急措施

<劳动合同法>实施以来,在国内学术界和实业界引起了轩然大波.2008年以来,一些企业的倒闭、搬迁,更将这部立意颇好的法律推到了风口浪尖.针对实施<劳动合同法>对企业成本影响的问题,采用分层目录抽样方法,抽取了珠三角、粤东、粤西、粤北地区13个具有代表性的城市,不同类型、不同行业共650户企业进行调研,运用成本测算直接法和间接法,对广东调研企业成本进行统计测算.测算结果显示,广东实施<劳动合同法>对企业人均人工成本的影响区间为2.54%～4.90%,用调研事实澄清了社会上流传的10%～70%的谬误.还从政府、企业和员工角度分别提出在实施<劳动合同法>过程中应对金融危机的对策,为各级政府和企业决策提供依据.     

转型社会语境中司法法治生成的发现路径

社会转型语境中司法法治的生成问题考量关涉着司法职业的时代命运,也是司法职业共同体主体自觉的客观诉求.司法现代化的研究困惑和现实困境昭示出司法改革理论根据与实践基础,且诠释出其在法治国家建构探寻中社会层面的动力机理.司法职业的功能回归是社会转型语境中司法法治生成的科学发现路径,需积极梳理使其得以本真回归的相关要件.     

中世纪英国犹太妇女与借贷业

中世纪英国犹太人从事的主要职业是借贷业,而其中出现了不少犹太妇女借贷者。对这些妇女借贷者的人数、借贷规模、借贷资金来源以及参与借贷的原因的探讨将有助于我们了解中世纪英国犹太妇女的社会和经济地位。     

广西京族地区初中学生性格发展研究

采用沙毓英等编制的《中国学生性格问卷》(11~18岁)对广西东兴市江平镇的96名京族初中学生进行抽样测验,并对所收集的数据进行描述性统计分析和单因素方差分析,主要探讨京族初中学生性格发展的基本特征和发展趋势。     

Male backlash, bargaining, or exposure reduction?: women’s working status and physical spousal violence in India

Labor force participation of women is expected to decrease the risk of spousal violence by enhancing their bargaining power or diminishing their contacts with abusive partners. The opposite effect is predicted when female employment induces male backlash. I identify the effect of female employment on spousal violence by exploiting the exogenous variations in rural women??s working status driven by rainfall shocks and the rice?Cwheat dichotomy. The instrumental variable regression result indicates that female employment significantly reduces the incidence of spousal violence. This result is mainly driven by the exposure reduction effect that dominates male backlash. There is, however, no evidence on the bargaining effect.     

Bayesian misclassification and propensity score methods for clustered observational studies

Bayesian propensity score regression analysis with misclassified binary responses is proposed to analyse clustered observational data. This approach utilizes multilevel models and corrects for misclassification in the responses. Using the deviance information criterion (DIC), the performance of the approach is compared with approaches without correcting for misclassification, multilevel structure specification, or both in the study of the impact of female employment on the likelihood of physical violence. The smallest DIC confirms that our proposed model best fits the data. We conclude that female employment has an insignificant impact on the likelihood of physical spousal violence towards women. In addition, a simulation study confirms that the proposed approach performed best in terms of bias and coverage rate. Ignoring misclassification in response or multilevel structure of data would yield biased estimation of the exposure effect.     

External supervision for social workers in another socio-political context: a qualitative study in Shenzhen,China

External supervision of local social workers has become a common practice in Shenzhen, China as the development of social work as a profession reaches break-neck pace and when the shortage of experienced social work supervisors also becomes acute. Hence, many supervisors have been recruited externally from Hong Kong to fill the gap. However, for external supervisors working in another socio-political context they will need an awareness and sensitivity of cultural issues, and cultural dynamics in supervision. Based on a qualitative study conducted in Shenzhen of 16 in-depth interviews with supervisors and supervisees in eight supervisory dyads, as well as a focus group meeting with three external supervisors from Hong Kong, this study finds that the institutional hierarchy, ruling culture and traditional Confucian values which place great importance of harmony, reciprocal relationships with others, effective self-control and respect for hierarchy have impacted the day-to-day practice as well as the interactions between social workers and their external supervisors in Shenzhen. The implications of this study is that in achieving successful supervisory practice the further development of intercultural competence is one of the key directions for professionalising social work in the Chinese Mainland.