A weighted polynomial regression method for local fitting of spatial data

Typically, parametric approaches to spatial problems require restrictive assumptions. On the other hand, in a wide variety of practical situations nonparametric bivariate smoothing techniques has been shown to be successfully employable for estimating small or large scale regularity factors, or even the signal content of spatial data taken as a whole.We propose a weighted local polynomial regression smoother suitable for fitting of spatial data. To account for spatial variability, we both insert a spatial contiguity index in the standard formulation, and construct a spatial-adaptive bandwidth selection rule. Our bandwidth selector depends on the Gearys local indicator of spatial association. As illustrative example, we provide a brief Monte Carlo study case on equally spaced data, the performances of our smoother and the standard polynomial regression procedure are compared.This note, though it is the result of a close collaboration, was specifically elaborated as follows: paragraphs 1 and 2 by T. Sclocco and the remainder by M. Di Marzio. The authors are grateful to the referees for constructive comments and suggestions.     

Optimal estimation of a finite population mean under generalized random permutation models

Employing certain generalized random permutation models and a general class of linear estimators of a finite population mean, it is shown that many of the conventional estimators are “optimal” in the sense of minimum average mean square error. Simple proofs are provided by using a well-known theorem on UMV estimation. The results also cover certain simple response error situations.     

Machine-component group formation in group technology

A new Rank Order Cluster Algorithm is discussed which provides a simple, effective and efficient analytical technique for the formation of machine-component groupings. The method is specifically developed for computer application although it is possible for it to be used for manual computation, if required, particularly for smaller problems.     

A Marital Conflict Resolution Model: Redefining Conflict to Achieve Intimacy*

The approach to conflict resolution used in this model is to redefine conflict as alternative choices. Six assumptions about conflict are reviewed, suggesting it is the way conflicts are processed, not the conflict per se, which affects the relationship. The model is built on skills: Listening, speaking, deciphering basic needs, unlocking alternative choices, and introspection about the process. Some perspectives and principles provide a conceptual framework for use of the seven sequential procedures. Effectively processed conflicts result in greater personal and relationship understanding and potential for growth.     

Court decisions hold implications for managed care plans--Part one

The managed care industry--and HMOs in particular--is now facing the realities of a maturing business. Maturity has brought a competitive tension to the HMO/managed care field, one consequence of which is increased litigation, not only among HMOs but also between HMOs and their suppliers, customers, and indemnity insurers. Entanglement in the legal system is an outgrowth of efforts to gain or preserve a competitive edge, reduce costs, and attract customers. This article highlights selected legal developments from the past two years that reflect the causes and effects of this environment. Additional cases will be discussed in the March-April 1990 issue of the journal.