全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19743篇 |
免费 | 324篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
管理学 | 2731篇 |
民族学 | 74篇 |
人才学 | 1篇 |
人口学 | 1710篇 |
丛书文集 | 93篇 |
教育普及 | 2篇 |
理论方法论 | 1798篇 |
综合类 | 419篇 |
社会学 | 9870篇 |
统计学 | 3371篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 271篇 |
2019年 | 329篇 |
2018年 | 374篇 |
2017年 | 527篇 |
2016年 | 422篇 |
2015年 | 327篇 |
2014年 | 402篇 |
2013年 | 3242篇 |
2012年 | 558篇 |
2011年 | 504篇 |
2010年 | 354篇 |
2009年 | 376篇 |
2008年 | 428篇 |
2007年 | 443篇 |
2006年 | 395篇 |
2005年 | 513篇 |
2004年 | 438篇 |
2003年 | 375篇 |
2002年 | 404篇 |
2001年 | 450篇 |
2000年 | 446篇 |
1999年 | 434篇 |
1998年 | 329篇 |
1997年 | 309篇 |
1996年 | 331篇 |
1995年 | 304篇 |
1994年 | 324篇 |
1993年 | 292篇 |
1992年 | 357篇 |
1991年 | 363篇 |
1990年 | 359篇 |
1989年 | 341篇 |
1988年 | 334篇 |
1987年 | 306篇 |
1986年 | 306篇 |
1985年 | 289篇 |
1984年 | 337篇 |
1983年 | 314篇 |
1982年 | 248篇 |
1981年 | 210篇 |
1980年 | 217篇 |
1979年 | 260篇 |
1978年 | 219篇 |
1977年 | 185篇 |
1976年 | 171篇 |
1975年 | 146篇 |
1974年 | 163篇 |
1973年 | 135篇 |
1972年 | 95篇 |
1971年 | 98篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
The risky business of insurance pricing 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
W. Kip Viscusi 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》1993,7(1):117-139
The factors influencing insurance pricing decisions are assessed using the ISO product liability ratemaking files for 1980–1984. The mean loss level has a strong positive effect on manual rates and premium rates/exposure. Evidence on a variety of ambiguity measures is more mixed. As a broad generalization, risk ambiguity lowers manual rates, which may reflect exclusion of large loss outliers as being unrepresentative. Risk ambiguity tends to have a positive effect on actual pricing decisions for particular policies, especially bodily injury lines and the interactive risk-ambiguity model. 相似文献
102.
Squared residual autocorrelations have been found useful in detecting departures from linearity in time series models. This is especially the case with data exhibiting heterogeneity in variances. A rank test is proposed which is much more robust than its parametric counterpart. 相似文献
103.
This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions. 相似文献
104.
The work-welfare nexus is essential in all social policy regimes. The question is in what situations individuals should be entitled to social welfare benefits and in which situations they should be obliged to work. Social welfare law and administrative practices define mechanisms that separate the deserving poor from people able to work. This article analyses the functions and character of these "separation mechanisms" in Sweden during three periods in history: a) in rural society in the late 19th century; b) in industrial society during the successful years of the Swedish model from World War II until the late 1970s; and c) the present, including the period of welfare retrenchment and reconsideration since the early 1980s. The conclusion is that Swedish social policy has always been strongly work-oriented, but the specific form and content of the work ethic has varied under the influence of different ideologies and handled in different social policy institutions. Under specific conditions the work line has been either generous or restrictive and it has been based on structural attempts to improve the opportunities to work as well as on attempts to strongly pressure the individual to work. The work line of today is seen as an interesting attempt to combine an effort to create good work through improved work conditions and an effort to reinforce elements of work enforcement in the social insurance system. 相似文献
105.
W R Hewitt 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》1992,40(6):288-289
The author reports on a study of the liquid nitrogen treatment of warts at the Rutgers University Student Health Center. He demonstrates that liquid nitrogen therapy is a safe, effective treatment method, appropriate for use by nurses and other primary providers in a college health setting. 相似文献
106.
Unions,PAC contributions,and the NAFTA vote 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Political action committees (PACs), especially those controlled by organized labor and business, have been shown to affect
Congressional voting. We explore how PACs influenced the House of Representatives’ vote on the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA). The NAFTA vote is analyzed because organized labor strongly opposed the treaty while business generally supported
it and because of the straight-forward voting generated by its fast-track status. Probit analysis of a unique, unpublished
data set containing information about PAC and non-PAC contributions to the 1992 House election campaigns demonstrates that
Representatives who depended largely on labor PACs tended to oppose NAFTA, while Representatives who derived a large proportion
of their campaign contributions from business PACs tended to favor its passage. 相似文献
107.
108.
Peter R. Gross 《Work and stress》1994,8(1):68-74
Although empathy has been found to distinguish effective counsellors from less effective counsellors, human services professionals who continually experience negative emotional reactions to the feelings that clients express in counselling may be at risk of developing burnout. This study examined the hypothesis that emotional empathy rather than cognitive empathy is associated with burnout. The sample of human services professionals consisted of 71 Salvation Army Officers. Multiple regression was used to investigate whether the dimensions of empathy could predict three aspects of burnout: personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The first regression analysis indicated that personal distress and empathic concern were significant predictor of personal accomplishment. The second analysis indicated that personal distress was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion. The third indicated that empathic concern was a significant predictor of depersonalization. Although these results support the hypothesis, personal distress was negatively associated with personal accomplishment, whereas empathic concern was positively associated with personal accomplishment. The small size of the sample may have influenced the reliability of the findings. A multidimensional approach to the role of empathy in counselling may help human services professionals to manage their emotional reactions when they engage in counselling with distressed clients. 相似文献
109.
Modeling for Risk Assessment of Neurotoxic Effects 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The regulation of noncancer toxicants, including neurotoxicants, has usually been based upon a reference dose (allowable daily intake). A reference dose is obtained by dividing a no-observed-effect level by uncertainty (safety) factors to account for intraspecies and interspecies sensitivities to a chemical. It is assumed that the risk at the reference dose is negligible, but no attempt generally is made to estimate the risk at the reference dose. A procedure is outlined that provides estimates of risk as a function of dose. The first step is to establish a mathematical relationship between a biological effect and the dose of a chemical. Knowledge of biological mechanisms and/or pharmacokinetics can assist in the choice of plausible mathematical models. The mathematical model provides estimates of average responses as a function of dose. Secondly, estimates of risk require selection of a distribution of individual responses about the average response given by the mathematical model. In the case of a normal or lognormal distribution, only an estimate of the standard deviation is needed. The third step is to define an adverse level for a response so that the probability (risk) of exceeding that level can be estimated as a function of dose. Because a firm response level often cannot be established at which adverse biological effects occur, it may be necessary to at least establish an abnormal response level that only a small proportion of individuals would exceed in an unexposed group. That is, if a normal range of responses can be established, then the probability (risk) of abnormal responses can be estimated. In order to illustrate this process, measures of the neurotransmitter serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in specific areas of the brain of rats and monkeys are analyzed after exposure to the neurotoxicant methylene-dioxymethamphetamine. These risk estimates are compared with risk estimates from the quantal approach in which animals are classified as either abnormal or not depending upon abnormal serotonin levels. 相似文献
110.
Since children, particularly daughters, are among the most important sources of help and support for older Americans, it has been suggested that women's increasing employment will affect filial relations. Empirical evidence on this issue is inconsistent, in part due to the use of nonprobability samples. Few studies have measured effects for men. We attempt to broaden the scope of this question beyond help to the frail elderly by asking whether employment affects filial relations in general. We examine effects of hours employed on telephone contact, visiting, feelings of closeness, filial attitudes, and assistance to biological parents, for an area probability sample of men and women over 40. There are no effects of employment for men or women on contact, closeness, or assistance. For the vast majority of this population sample, contact and assistance involve few hours per week, and thus do not seem to conflict with employment. 相似文献