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31.
文章有两大基本特点:对波普诘难历史决定论的质疑是从政治学这个独特视角进行的;对波普诘难历史决定论的质疑主要是针对哲学界较少关注的几个观点。这些观点包括波普过分推崇讧伪的方法,贬低和轻视证实方法的观点;波普认为整体主义不能建设一个适合于人们生活的新社会,只能建设一个使人适合于他的新社会的观点;波普认为渐进工程工程师在改革范围内可以不抱成见提出自己问题的观点。对于这些观点,文章借用罗尔斯、阿尔蒙德、伊斯顿、科恩、熊彼得、林尚立等的观点和理论对其进行了深入的剖析。 相似文献
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Barbara Chaulk Phyllis J. Johnson Richard Bulcroft 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2003,24(3):257-279
Family development and prospect theory were used as a framework to predict variability in individuals' subjective financial risk tolerance within distinct family structures. Gender, age, and income were expected to interact with the main effects of family structure (marital status and children). Theory-generated hypotheses were examined in Study 1 (data from university housing respondents, n = 76) and Study 2 (the 1998 Survey of Consumer Finances, n = 4,305). One family structure main effect (child presence) was significant for investment risk tolerance in both studies. Family structure interactions (marital status × age and child × income) were significant for employment risk (Study 1), and child × age was significant for investment risk in Study 2. 相似文献
34.
For a wide variety of applications, experiments are based on units ordered over time or space. Models for these experiments generally may include one or more of: correlations, systematic trends, carryover effects and interference effects. Since the standard optimal block designs may not be efficient in these situations, orthogonal arrays of type I and type II, which were introduced in 1961 by C.R. Rao [Combinatorial arrangements analogous to orthogonal arrays, Sankhya A 23 (1961) 283–286], have been recently used to construct optimal and efficient designs for many of these experiments. Results in this area are unified and the salient features are outlined. 相似文献
35.
探究公立高校学生管理的法治化,推进高校依法治校,促进高校和谐管理正日益成为高校构建和谐校园的重要方面。从传统高校学生管理存在的问题入手,提出了新时期高校学生的管理应当以构建和谐校园为目标,正确认识高校与学生的法律关系,把握高校学生管理的法治化原则,探究高校学生管理法治化道路。 相似文献
36.
Dennis J. Mazur 《Sociology Compass》2008,2(1):253-267
The dual concepts of 'consent' and 'informed consent' continue to have three evolutions. The primary evolution of consent in the patient–physician relationship began in Great Britain in 1767 in the British case, Slater v. Baker and Stapleton , in the judge-made law of consent. The term 'informed consent' within the patient–physician relationship entered the judicial lexicon in the 1957 California appellate case, Salgo v. Leland Stanford Junior University . In its second evolution within research on humans following the Nuremberg trials that included experimental atrocities on humans, there is a key focus on clarifying the purpose of research and specifying the reasons for the need for an even more extensive risk disclosure to individuals considering volunteering for study participation. This second evolution continues with the further refinement of the Declaration of Helsinki and, within the USA, a focus on the Belmont Report . In its third evolution in research in the social science, there has been a recognition of problems with informed consent to questionnaire research. When questionnaires involve patients with moderate or severe posttraumatic stress disorder or abused individuals, there needs to be intense consideration focused on how to best protect the participants with these conditions during the questionnaire study. 相似文献
37.
王舒宇 《西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2007,28(3):198-202
历史上云南省德宏、保山是古“南方丝绸之路”的重要通道,这为今天发展边境贸易提供了良好的基础条件。中缅两国边民跨境而居,通婚互市,和睦相处,有着传统的贸易习惯。另一方面,通过双边贸易可以实现经济优势互补、互通有无。中缅边贸的发展走向取决于我国边境地区是否能建立起强大完善的工业及边贸产品加工体系。笔者认为,只有充分重视边贸内在的联动作用,适时进行产业结构的调整,才能壮大边境地方的经济实力,促进边贸的可持续发展。 相似文献
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39.
基于复杂适应系统的作战理论哲学反思 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的作战理论与方法已经不能适应像现代信息化战争系统这类充满“活”的个体和变化因素的复杂系统,需要进行理论创新。而复杂适应系统理论是当代系统科学的一个新发展。有望成为创新作战理论的突破口。本文在分析比较作战系统的基础上,认为作战系统实质是复杂的适应系统,作战系统内的作战双方都力图以增强自身的适应性和复杂性,削弱对方的适应性和复杂性取得作战的胜利。 相似文献
40.
The theory of incapacitation involves reducing an offender's ability or capacity to commit further crimes. Capital punishment accomplishes this goal. An executed murderer never murders again. However, we do not execute all murderers, only capital murderers. This policy produces several research questions. Do capital murderers present a special risk to society? Are capital murderers more likely to murder or commit other violent crimes again than other murderers or the average citizen? To answer these questions, many states require a prediction of future dangerousness of a newly convicted murderer. To what extent has the judgment of future dangerousness matched actuarial data of subsequent murders and serious crimes? Using a secondary analysis, this investigation attempted to assemble available data of postconviction dangerousness of death sentenced capital murderers to create a more comprehensive actuarial account of subsequent dangerousness and to present the data in a common format used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Across 14 studies identified with relevant data, there were 13 instances of subsequent murder and 462 serious crime or prison rule violations. 相似文献