新时期我国零售业发展特点及政策建议

加入WTO以来,伴随我国经济的持续增长、对外开放的不断扩大和居民消费水平的提高,我国零售业在规模、结构、效益、经营和管理水平等方面都上了一个新台阶,但同时也面临来自外资零售企业的竞争压力和行业内现存的发展模式粗放、企业核心竞争力低、规范化程度低、人才短缺等问题,客观上要求必须从财政、税收、技术、人才等方面加快完善零售业发展的政策环境,为零售业的发展创造良好的条件。     

周代“大师”职官解

“大师”作为周官的一种,历来对它的认识存在模糊不清的地方,进而与它相关的师氏、虎臣、司马等官职也存在认识上的混淆。本文首先通过将“大师”解构为三种不同的官职来全面分析称为“大师”一职的具体情况,再就各种“大师”本身的发展演变试图揭示一些它与其他相关官职的关系,以便从一定程度上排除旧有的观念混淆。     

论清洁餐饮必须集清洁生产、清洁服务与清洁消费于一体

本文从简要分析餐饮业基本特征、地位、作用出发,从分析餐饮业供需矛盾中餐饮供给对餐饮消费主体的身体健康和生命安全可能造成危害的主要环境因素入手．创新提出了要实现清洁餐饮必须集清洁生产、清洁服务与清洁消费于一体。论述了餐饮清洁生产、清洁服务的供给,是实现清洁餐饮消费,即食品安全的根本保障。并提出在清洁生产、清洁服务与清洁餐饮消费三位一体运营全过程中应实现餐饮业节能降耗减排。     

论邓小平的青年观

邓小平的青年观揭示了正确认识和对待青年的一系列原则和观点,是邓小平理论的重要组成部分,是做好青年工作的理论基础。文章从青年工作战略、青年思想政治教育、青年人才培养三个角度概述了邓小平的青年观。     

深圳地铁5号线长岭陂隧道竖井施工技术

针对深圳地铁5号线5304标长岭陂隧道DK19 677施工竖井深、大特点,详细的介绍本竖井不同地质岩层段的施工方法,为地铁类似工程施工与设计提供借鉴.     

Form Perception of Partly Occluded Shapes in 4‐Month‐Old Infants

Two habituation experiments were conducted to investigate how 4‐month‐old infants perceive partly occluded shapes. In the first experiment, we presented a simple, partly occluded shape to the infants until habituation was reached. Then we showed either a probable completion (one that would be predicted on the basis of both local and global cues) or an improbable completion. Longer looking times were found for the improbably completed shape (compared to probable and control conditions), suggesting that the probable shape was perceived during partial occlusion. In the second experiment, infants were habituated to more ambiguous partly occluded shapes, where local and global cues would result in different completions. For adults, the percept of these shapes is usually dominated by global influences. However, after habituation the infants looked longer at the globally completed shapes. These results suggest that by the age of 4 months, infants are able to infer the perceptual completion of partly occluded shapes, but for more ambiguous shapes, this completion seems to be dominated by local influences.     

The ‘Extended’ Atkinson family: The class of multiplicatively decomposable inequality measures,and some new graphical procedures for analysts

This paper introduces and characterises a class of inequality measures which extends the Atkinson family. This class contains canonical forms of all aggregative inequality measures, each bounded above by one, provides a new dominance criterion for ordering distributions in terms of inequality and offers some new graphical procedures for analysts. The crucial axiom for the characterisation is an alternative to the standard additive decomposition property that we call ‘multiplicative decomposability,’ where the within-group component is a generalised weighted mean with weights summing exactly to one. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Approche socioclinique de la souffrance au travail1

Suffering at work has become a major social phenomena. This situation has many causes: high performance enhancement, urgency seen as an obligation, pressure for results, but also fear, and the soaring of ‘the battle for places’ (la lutte des places). The psychopathological consequences of pressure at work are now well known: breakdowns, professional exhaustion, work addiction, burnout, harassment. Stress has become an ordinary tool for management. Employees cannot find a meaning to this context, nor can they identify the causes of their ill being or the reasons for the violence they endure. They confront an opaque and paradoxical power. Looking for solutions to the contradictions to which management has given rise without resolving, they become responsible for those difficulties and guilty of their own suffering. These are ‘innocent violences’ in so far as they are justified by an indisputable system of management.