Innovation,Professional Interests,and Nonprofit Organizations: The Case of Health Care in Poland

Nonprofit organizations have a role in spreading technological innovation. The experience in Poland illustrates that entrepreneurial health care professionals prefer nonprofit organizations over for-profit organizations to introduce novel services to the market because nonprofits create favorable public perceptions of those services.     

焊接承载构件疲劳和脆性断裂的计算机辅助设计

为明确焊接承载构件疲劳和脆性断裂的安全性,必须经过一定的计算,计算机的广泛应用使得这种计算过程得以频繁、快速、可靠的实现,焊接承载构件工作在特定的温度和动态栽荷环境中,会发生脆性断裂,估测断裂力学中主要参数断裂韧度的模型由三种,其中最重要的是Irwin模型,在应用这个模型进行焊接承载构件的脆性断裂计算时,需要作一些统计学方面的假设,并对最难获得的参数应力集中因子的采用了三种方法进行估测;相关系数法、加权函数和解析法。     

Show me the way to the next worthy deed: Towards a microstructural theory of volunteering and giving

Using the data from a survey undertaken in the United States in 1992, this article examines the effects of altruism, self-interest and social ties on motivations to give and volunteer, as well as the effects of volunteering on definitions of life goals. Social ties with non-profit organisations were good predictors of both the value of charitable contributions and the time volunteered for charitable causes. The level of prior philanthropic activism and social connections with philanthropic institutions had an effect on life goals. Altruism and the desire for self-improvement had effects on volunteering, but not on giving. Utilitarian motives (expected career advancement) had no observable effects on volunteering or giving. Based on those findings, a general microstructural model of philanthropic behaviour is proposed. A version of this paper was presented at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.