Examples of the use of an equivalence theorem in constructing optimum experimental designs for random-effects nonlinear regression models

The problem considered is that of finding an optimum measurement schedule to estimate population parameters in a nonlinear model when the patient effects are random. The paper presents examples of the use of sensitivity functions, derived from the General Equivalence Theorem for D-optimality, in the construction of optimum population designs for such schedules. With independent observations, the theorem applies to the potential inclusion of a single observation. However, in population designs the observations are correlated and the theorem applies to the inclusion of an additional measurement schedule. In one example, three groups of patients of differing size are subject to distinct schedules. Numerical, as opposed to analytical, calculation of the sensitivity function is advocated. The required covariances of the observations are found by simulation.     

公民监督的现代性功能意涵探析

随着我国社会主义政治文明建设的纵深推进,公民监督的社会功能和价值日益凸显;公民监督非惟是公民权利的不可或缺的组成部分,也是推动社会政治文明发展的重要动因,尤其在扩大民主政治、巩固政治稳定和提升人的主体性等维度上扮演了重要作用,显著地推进了我国社会主义政治文明程度的跃升。     

论苗族刺绣及其传承

苗族刺绣已被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产，具有鲜明的艺术特色，但由于受传承方式等的影响，苗绣有濒临失传危机。因此，必须采取多种措施，强化苗绣的保护传承和开发利用。     

Form Perception of Partly Occluded Shapes in 4‐Month‐Old Infants

Two habituation experiments were conducted to investigate how 4‐month‐old infants perceive partly occluded shapes. In the first experiment, we presented a simple, partly occluded shape to the infants until habituation was reached. Then we showed either a probable completion (one that would be predicted on the basis of both local and global cues) or an improbable completion. Longer looking times were found for the improbably completed shape (compared to probable and control conditions), suggesting that the probable shape was perceived during partial occlusion. In the second experiment, infants were habituated to more ambiguous partly occluded shapes, where local and global cues would result in different completions. For adults, the percept of these shapes is usually dominated by global influences. However, after habituation the infants looked longer at the globally completed shapes. These results suggest that by the age of 4 months, infants are able to infer the perceptual completion of partly occluded shapes, but for more ambiguous shapes, this completion seems to be dominated by local influences.     

Framing Latina/o Immigration, Education, and Activism

Although Latinas/os have a long history in the USA and represent a growing percentage of the population, they remain largely invisible or stereotyped in dominant images and discourses. Such representations are often ahistorical, and they camouflage the effects of US power and inequality. However, the spring 2006 immigrant rights demonstrations disturbed dominant conceptions. The demonstrators called attention to the contradictory US practices that disrupt home countries, recruit labor migrants, and deny immigrants full participation. Likewise, the role of students in these demonstrations spurred reflections on why youth would walk out of their schools for immigrant rights. Inspired by these demonstrations, we combine materials from multiple disciplines to emphasize the significance of US imperialism, exploitation, and exclusion on Latina/o migration, education, and activism. Key to this article is a reframing of how the media, K-12 curriculum, and popular discourse often engage in a cultural cover-up that sustains inequality.     

我国金融市场结构:特征、问题及其成因

我国金融市场结构的现状主要是金融市场结构失衡的矛盾比较突出,制约了金融市场整体功能的充分发挥和核心竞争力的进一步提高,使得金融市场结构的广度、深度和强度效应没有得到应有的体现。当前我国金融市场结构存在的突出问题是:一方面,从静态上表现为各个金融子市场之间存在着严重的不平衡和各金融子市场内部组成要素结构的不均衡。另一方面,从动态上表现为我国金融市场结构存在着变迁上的被动适应性、升级上的低层次性以及创新上的外生性等问题。导致上述问题的原因主要有:一是偏重硬件建设,忽视观念的树立和金融市场基础设施的健全与完善;二是偏重数量扩张,忽视金融市场整体功能的发挥与协调;三是偏重局部利益,忽视金融市场全局利益的平衡与兼顾;四是偏重眼前发展,忽视金融市场可持续发展环境的培育与改善。     

Backfitting Random Varying-Coefficient Models with Time-Dependent Smoothing Covariates

Abstract.  In this paper, we propose a random varying-coefficient model for longitudinal data. This model is different from the standard varying-coefficient model in the sense that the time-varying coefficients are assumed to be subject-specific, and can be considered as realizations of stochastic processes. This modelling strategy allows us to employ powerful mixed-effects modelling techniques to efficiently incorporate the within-subject and between-subject variations in the estimators of time-varying coefficients. Thus, the subject-specific feature of longitudinal data is effectively considered in the proposed model. A backfitting algorithm is proposed to estimate the coefficient functions. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimation methods are more efficient in finite-sample performance compared with the standard local least squares method. An application to an AIDS clinical study is presented to illustrate the proposed methodologies.     

陈寅恪"合本子注"说新探

通过对"合本"与"子注"相关文献的考察,认为两者属于不同性质的概念。以"广义合本子注"为线索,进一步指出陈寅恪先生"合本子注"概念中的"子注"实为"子本"。"合本子注"的提法不够严谨,其含义实等同于"合本"。最后指出,陈氏从佛学而非经学中寻找《洛阳伽蓝记》等书的体裁渊源,与其对史料的重视有关。     

Refined Inference on Long Memory in Realized Volatility

There is an emerging consensus in empirical finance that realized volatility series typically display long range dependence with a memory parameter (d) around 0.4 (Andersen et al., 2001; Martens et al., 2004). The present article provides some illustrative analysis of how long memory may arise from the accumulative process underlying realized volatility. The article also uses results in Lieberman and Phillips (2004, 2005) to refine statistical inference about d by higher order theory. Standard asymptotic theory has an O(n^-1/2) error rate for error rejection probabilities, and the theory used here refines the approximation to an error rate of o(n^-1/2). The new formula is independent of unknown parameters, is simple to calculate and user-friendly. The method is applied to test whether the reported long memory parameter estimates of Andersen et al. (2001) and Martens et al. (2004) differ significantly from the lower boundary (d = 0.5) of nonstationary long memory, and generally confirms earlier findings.