数字化媒体教学手段的发展与合理使用

合理运用多媒体教学手段,要选择恰当的多媒体教学方式,处理好与板书、多媒体课件与课程的关系,选择合理的多媒体教学时机,并要合理控制课堂容量。     

实施层级和综合教学管理的思考

加强人文基础课的教学管理,是全面提高教学质量和提升大学文化品质的关键。实行目标层级管理和系统综合管理能更有效发挥人文基础课的文化承载功能。     

证交所国债买断式回购交易的风险研究

国债买断式回购的推出衍生了抛补套利、循环融券卖空、债券组合交易、买断式回购组合交易这几种新的主要交易模式,丰富了投资者的交易手段,然而,这些新的交易模式将容易引发做空风险、流动性风险和更大的信用风险,在分析这些风险的基础上,提出了建立健全保证金制度、信用评估制度以及制定严格的交易规则等风险防范对策。     

战争烽火中的校园文艺社团:中国学生导报社

抗战时期,中国学生导报社是一个活跃于战时首都重庆的校园文艺社团。在战争烽火之中,中国学生导报社在校园和社会上都开展了大量的文艺活动,并且得到了文艺前辈的指导,创作了一批颇具价值的文艺作品。这些文艺创作内容上通俗晓畅,充满了战斗的时代气息,极大丰富了抗战时期的校园学生文艺。     

"李约瑟难题"研究评述

对于著名的“李约瑟难题”,学者们有的从科技发展的内在逻辑和规律出发,指出语言、逻辑、思维、文化等是“难题”之解;有的从科技所处的外在环境出发,指出经济、政治、自然地理、技术需求、技术供给是“难题”之解;也有学者对“难题”本身进行质疑,提出了无科学说、科学特殊论、应答域无限定说、逻辑矛盾说。本文评述了这些观点,指出了当前“李约瑟难题”研究陷入困境的原因,探讨了进一步研究的方向。     

试论我国古代的物价管理制度——以简牍文书为中心考察

本文以考古发掘的秦、汉和唐代的简牍与文书为主要研究对象,结合传世史籍和资料,从法学、史学、经济学的视角,考察我国古代物价管理制度的发展演变历程。本文认为,我国古代物价管理制度的演进,以西周为起点,经秦汉的发展,至唐代制度化;唐代物价管理制度垂范于其后历代王朝。     

香豆素类物质的色谱检测进展

香豆素类物质在植物中分布广泛,是豆香型香料的主要成份之一,常用于日用香精中。秦皮中的秦皮甲素,补骨脂中的补骨脂内酯,另外,双香豆素,6,7-二甲氧基香豆素,7,8-二甲氧基香豆素,6-羟基-7-甲氧基香豆素等均属香豆素类物质。目前国内多数是植物(绝大多数为中药)提取物中香豆素类物质的定性或定量分析。国外的文献则偏重于香豆素作为药物在生物体中的代谢机理和生理毒性。色谱检测中应用最多的仪器是高效液相色谱。国外还报道了几种特别的高效液相色谱改进技术:胶束电动毛细管技术,凝胶溶胶通道技术,直角纳米通道技术,二维技术。另外,液质联用技术,薄层色谱和柱色谱,超临界流体色谱法,气相色谱也可用于香豆素的检测。     

关于有效促进社会公正的几个问题

本文认为:(1)为了顺利地推进改革,为了中国社会经济持续、有效和健康的发展,就必须适应新的历史条件,顺应民意、顺应现代社会的基本趋势,把社会公正放到一个突出的位置。(2)在中国现阶段应当开始建立一个初级的社会公平保障体系。初级社会公平保障体系的基本特征是低水准、广覆盖、有实效。对于国家来说,近期需要做的事情可以分为两大块,一是国家的直接投入,二是国家的立法、监督、执行和引导。(3)有一些根深蒂固的观念在妨碍着我们重视社会公正问题。这些观念主要包括:“原始积累不可避免”,“国家财力不足”,“重视公正便会妨碍效率”,因此我们必须对这些观念进行一番必要的反思。(4)要想构建一个公正而和谐的社会,就必须培育一个庞大的中等收入者人群,形成一个“两头小,中间大”的橄榄型的社会结构,那么社会就会变得越来越稳定了。     

Individual irrationality and social welfare

Individual preferences inconsistent with personal welfare caused neither by ignorance nor by a positive consideration for the welfare of others are defined as (welfare) irrational. Sources of irrationality (rigid adherence to moral principles, excessive fear of danger, excessive tempetation of pleasure, revenge, inertia, faulty telescopic faculty, the fallacy of diminishing marginal utility of utility, etc.) are discussed. An evolutionary explanation of irrationality is suggested and some implications for individual decision and social policy indicated.I am grateful to two anonymous referees for comments.     

Cohort shifts in the timing of births in Ghana

A comparison of cohorts of ever-married Chanaian women suggests evidence of a fertility transition beginning among younger women and select subgroups. Ghana's crude birth rate declined from a high of 50/1000 population in 1970 to 38.8/1000 in 1985. To ascertain whether marital fertility is now being controlled through conscious attempts to lengthen birth intervals, World Fertility Survey data from 1979-80 on the timing of births among different birth cohorts were analyzed. It was hypothesized that, as a result of the influence of Western values that stress independence from parents and the introduction of compulsory education, cohorts of the mid-1950s and 1960s would be more likely to postpone childbearing, more active in the modern sector of the economy, and more accepting of modern contraceptive usage for birth spacing than women in the 1930-39, 1940-49, and 1950-59 cohorts. For the 1940-49 cohort, it took 10.8 months for 25% to have a birth following 1st marriage, 18.7 months for 50% to have a 1st birth, and 27.4 months for 75% to complete this step. By comparison, these figures for the 1955-64 birth cohort were 9.9, 16.7, and 20.5 months, respectively. The significantly shorter (p 0.01) interval between marriage and 1st birth found among younger women in part reflects rising age at marriage; mean age at 1st marriage was 17.9 years for the 1940 cohort and 21.6 years for the most recent cohort. After the birth of the 1st child, recent cohorts were more likely to wait longer for the 2nd birth. For women born in 1950-64, it took 21.8, 36.7, and 44.6 months for 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, to reach parity 2. This pattern of lengthened birth interval beyond the 1st birth was apparent at all parities in the youngest cohort and indicates increasing acceptance of contraception among those who have come of age during a period of rapid social change.