嵌入全球价值链对中国制造业升级影响的多重维度分析

已有文献主要从产品内国际分工维度、全球价值链治理维度和中间品贸易维度研究嵌入全球价值链对中国制造业升级的影响.产品内国际分工的实质是"中心—外围"的结构化,推动了分工地位的攀升,同时导致了分工环节的固化,需由低端要素驱动转变为发展生产性服务业;全球价值链治理是市场与非市场关系的综合运用,既推动了链条环节的升级,也导致了"低端锁定",需由被动嵌入转变为主动重构;中间品贸易的最终目的是获取企业增加值的核心竞争优势,制造业企业吸收技术溢出易产生路径依赖,需由引进学习转变为自主创新.今后可从动态演化和层级累积的维度,深入剖析嵌入全球价值链的升级断层机理,阐明其存在升级断层、难以自动升级的内在机制,形成对我国制造业阶梯式升级的路径探源.     

企业文化要素如何影响绩效?——来自国内建筑企业的实证分析

企业文化和企业绩效的关系一直是学术界关注的热点问题。本文采用了实证研究方法中的问卷调查法研究了不同的企业文化要素与企业绩效的关系。利用了统计分析软件SPSS16.0和LISREL8.7对问卷数据进行描述性统计分析、信度分析、效度分析和结构方程模型分析。通过研究发现,对于建筑类企业来说,团队精神对企业绩效在0.01水平上有显著正相关关系,社会责任对企业绩效在0.001水平上有显著正相关关系,而科技创新、顾客导向、组织学习对企业绩效并没有显著的正相关关系。     

Supply Chain Management of Fresh Products with Producer Transportation*

This article considers a class of fresh‐product supply chains in which products need to be transported by the upstream producer from a production base to a distant retail market. Due to high perishablility a portion of the products being shipped may decay during transportation, and therefore, become unsaleable. We consider a supply chain consisting of a single producer and a single distributor, and investigate two commonly adopted business models: (i) In the “pull” model, the distributor places an order, then the producer determines the shipping quantity, taking into account potential product decay during transportation, and transports the products to the destination market of the distributor; (ii) In the “push” model, the producer ships a batch of products to a distant wholesale market, and then the distributor purchases and resells to end customers. By considering a price‐sensitive end‐customer demand, we investigate the optimal decisions for supply chain members, including order quantity, shipping quantity, and retail price. Our research shows that both the producer and distributor (and thus the supply chain) will perform better if the pull model is adopted. To improve the supply chain performance, we propose a fixed inventory‐plus factor (FIPF) strategy, in which the producer announces a pre‐determined inventory‐plus factor and the distributor compensates the producer for any surplus inventory that would otherwise be wasted. We show that this strategy is a Pareto improvement over the pull and push models for both parties. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted, which reveal some interesting managerial insights on the comparison between different business models.     

客户关怀构成因素与关系质量的影响研究

新技术和产品同质化使企业从传统的产品竞争和服务竞争发展到客户资源的竞争,争夺并维系客户很大程度上决定了企业的利润和发展前景。基于对顾客价值和客户关怀等理论的文献回顾和梳理,提出客户关怀概念和构成因素,构建客户关怀对关系质量的影响模型,选取全球通客户进行抽样调查和实证分析。研究结果表明,客户关怀的四要素与关系质量的三要素之间均存在正向影响,其中社会价值对关系质量的总体影响最大,知识价值对关系质量的总体影响最小,回馈价值和移情价值对关系质量的总体影响处于中等程度。     

R&D网络的自组织演化模型及其仿真研究

从复杂适应系统理论出发,将R&D网络的演化视为复杂系统的自组织过程进行研究。从宏观阶段划分、微观企业行为规则和网络特征统计量3个维度构建R&D网络自组织演化的分析框架,基于复杂网络理论建立R&D网络自组织演化的理论模型,运用数值仿真方法揭示其演化规律以及知识溢出效率对网络特征统计量的影响。研究结果表明,R&D网络的自组织演化过程最终可达到稳定状态,企业具有择优连接的意识,使网络呈现出无标度和集聚特征,知识溢出效率对网络规模、网络利用效率具有显著影响,这为政府正确制定宏观政策提供了理论依据。利用诺基亚的R&D网络对上述理论模型进行验证,模型与实际网络基本吻合,在一定程度上说明模型的正确性。     

How to carry out work on family planning after adopting production responsibility systems in rural areas]

After the Third Meeting of the Eleventh People's Congress, the entire responsibility for agricultural production was transferred to a lower level. Peasants in various areas have adopted the so called production responsibility system, and the phenomenon of an increased population rate has also appeared in some areas. In this article, the author discusses how to solve these problems created by the new situation. The 1st step is try to control population growth through socialist propaganda education, administrative measures, economic incentives and punishments, and family planning work. The 2nd step is to popularize the practice of having only 1 child per household in the rural areas. The 2nd and 3rd child in each family should be controlled and prohibited. This policy formulated by the Central Government should be carried out thoroughly. Families which follow the policy and have only 1 child should be encouraged with economic rewards, and those families which have 2 or more children should be punished economically. The 3rd step is to establish a national work team to be in charge of family planning and birth control. There should be an ideological unity among the nation's leadership. Party members and cadres should establish themselves as good examples for the people so that the population control work may become successful.     

基于QAP算法的省际劳动力迁移动因理论再检验

文章利用"五普"9.5%抽样比例长表数据与《中国统计年鉴》2000年分地区数据,基于二次迭代分配(QAP)算法和修正扩展重力模型,从关系数据视角鉴别中国以往省际劳动力迁移影响因素理论的有效性。研究发现,同以往研究结论一致,迁出和迁入省份间的预期收入、产业结构、教育程度、人口分布、迁移成本差异,以及是否处于同一经济带,对中国省际劳动力迁移有显著影响;但经济规模、对外开放度和固定资产投资对省际劳动力迁移的影响不具有统计意义。     

Birth control techniques in China

This article describes the major birth control techniques in use in China, based on data from a contraceptive prevalence study conducted in September, 1982. 118 million of the 170 million married women of child bearing age use birth control. IUD insertion accounts for 50.2% of birth control methods used, tubal ligation accounts for 25.4%, vas deferens ligation 10.0% oral contraceptives (OCs) 8.2%, and condoms 2.0%. A table of clinical data on 9 China made IUDs reveals that pregnancy rates range from 0 (V Cu-300 model) to 5.83% (mixed ring model). A method of IUD insertion immediately after delivery has been researched and adopted, using a silastic Delta IUD with barium added to reduce the high postpartum expulsion rate. fixing the IUD by sutures during Cesarean section has also been developed. Electronmicroscopic studies of the endometrium of women who have used a stainless steel IUD for more than 20 years showes no tendency towards malignancy, nor negative effects on the endocrine functions of the ovaries. 28 million Chinese women have accepted sterilization as of June, 1982. Local anesthesia and the use of acupuncture have reduced complications due to general anesthesia seen previously. Sterilization by means of chemically induced adhesion of Fallopian tube tissue has also been performed successfully; however, this method makes later anastomosis difficult, and is not suitable for young women with only 1 child. Fallopian tube occlusion by means of a silver clip has been performed in 1,128 cases, with a pregnancy rate of only .85%. 10.62 million men have accepted sterilization. While most of the procedures are val ligations, 300,000 men have been sterilized by direct injection of an adhesive agent throuh the skin of the scrotum. No increase in auto immune or vascular disease has been found. 3 low-dose OCs, used since 1969, have proven to be reliable and freer of side effects than higher-dose compounds. In addition, longterm OCs containing quinestrol have been used since 1969 with a success rate of 98.3% women-year. These pills are taken 1x monthly. R and D priority will be given be given to monthly injectable contraceptives; megestrol and norethindrone are the compounds most preferable. In trials so far, the effective rate has been 99.9% with mild side effects. Gossypol, a male contraceptive, has shown an antifertility effect in 99% of 8000 cases studied; however, hypokalemia and irreversibility of spermatogenesis were reported in some cases. Vacuum suction is the most common method for abortion, but Radix Trichosanthis and lilac daphne terpine, traditional abortifacients, anre acceptable for 1st trimester abortions. Prostaglandins are also used.     

中国人口发展监测评价模型研究——基于全国31个省份人口发展的实证分析

作者结合中国国情,探索与构建了人口发展监测指标体系和评价模型,并引入1997～2005年全国31个省份人口发展相关指标的时间序列数据和截面数据,对人口监测评价模型进行了实证检验。在此基础上,对全国31个省份人口发展过程中影响较大的人口发展监测指标和区域人口发展综合水平存在的规律性差异进行了分析。研究结果表明,平均预期寿命、二三产业人口比等指标对人口发展的影响作用显著,而且人口发展综合水平总体上呈现东、中、西逐渐下降的状况,体现了与经济社会发展、地理自然环境的密切关系。     

新时代中国共产党引领社会思潮的合力之维

激活、整合好多元主体力量并形成合力是中国共产党实现对社会思潮强有力引领的关键。新时代,中国共产党引领社会思潮整体合力由六个子合力共同驱动生成。其中,主体合力是核心子合力,强调宣传思想战线引领社会思潮要在党的领导下实现多元主体协作。内容合力、时间合力、渠道合力、方法合力、制度合力这五个子合力围绕主体合力起作用。内容合力强调引领社会思潮的思想理论体系要应对零散式、碎片化问题,建立立体、多样的内容体系。时间合力强调引领社会思潮须把握社会思潮传播的"生命周期",有针对性地采取措施。渠道合力强调引领社会思潮要采取线上线下相结合。方法合力是指要革除传统方法的旧弊,建立复合、科学的方法体系。制度合力是指不断创新引领社会思潮的制度体系并保证常态化运行。通过实现各子系统的内在贯通,促进引领社会思潮整体合力的提升。在深层次上凝聚思想意识、达成价值共识,进而服务于社会主义现代化强国建设的历史进程。