注蒸汽水平井井筒内参数计算新模型

注入蒸汽在水平井筒内流动时，蒸汽沿着水平段的质量流量越来越小，且加速度压降不等于零，导致蒸汽的物性参数发生变化，而蒸汽物性对井筒内蒸汽的沿程参数分布有较大影响。依据质量守恒和能量守恒，建立了注入蒸汽干度沿水平段的变化方程，利用动量守恒原理，推导了沿水平井筒的蒸汽干度分布和压力分布计算公式，构建了摩擦力做功、湿蒸汽混合物密度、水平段吸汽量和井筒与油层之间的热传递计算模型，模型同时考虑了变质量流与蒸汽PVT参数的变化对计算结果的影响，采用按压力增量迭代的计算方法对模型进行求解。实例的模型计算结果与油藏数值模拟结果对比表明，新模型具有较高的计算精度。     

金庸小说里的辽东元素（下）——从阿骨打到胡一刀,都有那股劲

金庸的武侠世界中,常有帝王将相出场.他的小说多以王朝兴替乾坤倒转之际为背景,也是金大侠的好发政论使然.他曾自我剖白称,《笑傲江湖》和《鹿鼎记》写的就是政治.《鸳鸯刀》看似短篇戏谑之作,其实也有金氏的政治图解掩映其中.     

Assessing Participation and Effectiveness of the Peer-Led Approach in Youth Sexual Health Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in More Developed Countries

Sexual health education for young people is crucial not only for development of norms but also for protection against vulnerabilities during this stage in life. Although several systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of peer-led sex education, none have focused on the extent of peer participation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate peer-led sexual health education interventions in more developed countries (MDCs). Electronic and manual searches across five social science, education, and medical databases were conducted. Fifteen articles were selected in total. Most (10 of 15) studies gave low or no responsibility to peers. The majority of articles found improvements in sexual health knowledge (13 of 14) and attitudes (11 of 15) at postintervention stages. Two studies showed improved self-efficacy, and three showed behavioral changes. A preliminary synthesis of effectiveness and level of participation was done. Meta-analysis revealed a large effect on knowledge change (Hedges’ g = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43 to 1.25) and a medium effect on attitude change (Hedges’ g = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.80). Peer-led interventions could be a powerful tool. This review shows that this approach is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors. Further research and action are needed to understand optimal implementation.     

Assessment of study abroad outcomes in Chinese as a second language: gains in cross-cultural adaptability,language contact and proficiency

Participants were 109 American college students studying Chinese in a study-abroad programme in Beijing. Following Kelley and Meyer, intercultural competence was defined as cross-cultural adaptability involving four dimensions (emotional resilience, flexibility/openness, perceptual acuity and personal autonomy) and was measured with a survey. A language contact questionnaire was used to document the amount of time spent on social activities. Language proficiency was measured with a standardised Chinese test. Results revealed that intercultural competence and language contact combined explained 37.7% of the proficiency gains. Language contact had direct effects on proficiency, but intercultural competence had indirect effects, mediated by language contact.     

信息技术的哲学特征

信息技术区别于物质生产技术,这种区别并不在于它们的外在形态和直接产品上,而在于其功能意义的不同,前者服务于人的精神或信息需要,后者服务于人的物质生活需要;基于物质和信息的本体论关系,两种技术之间也存在着复杂丰富的关联性。以计算机和网络为代表的现代器具信息技术具有了与传统信息技术不同的新特征,并导致了不同信息技术之间乃至信息技术与物质生产技术之间的"会聚",导致我们关于技术的哲学观念正在发生新的变化。     

诗歌押韵与起承转合

起承转合,关于诗文的意蕴结构或曰章法的这一术语,也可以用来概括诗歌的押韵规律.在诗歌的各种韵式中,起承转合这一韵式有着独特的优势,至今葆有顽强的生命力.     

东南亚华裔学生中文姓名用字研究

姓名是语言学中一个值得关注的课题,它是一种社会现象,也是一种语言现象,有丰富的内涵。文章通过语料样本对东南亚华裔学生的中文姓名用字进行统计研究,分析用字特点,对华裔学生中文取名方法和对待相关问题应有态度进行探讨。     

我国食品安全监管体制研究——兼评我国《食品安全法》

我国食品安全监管的主要问题表现为行政监管组织法体系不健全、监管主体过多、行政监管权分配不合理以及对监管主体缺乏有力的责任约束机制。2009年2月通过的《食品安全法》并没有改变分段监管的模式，食品安全委员会权限设置不明确，影响监管力度。结合我国国情，要完善安全监管行政组织法体系、推行渐进式统一模式，将各个环节的监管职权逐步整合于食品药品监督管理局，加大食品安全委员会的职权，增强其协调权威性，并不断加强监管机构的监管责任，建立权责一致的行政和司法责任追究制度：     

“多元一体”格局下我国濒危语言的保护与对策

濒危语言保护是当前我国急需面对的一个难题。伴随着语言的消失,我国民族文化多样性也会遭到破坏,中华民族"多元一体"格局体系也会受冲击,可能从而引发一系列的民族问题。本文主要通过对中华民族"多元一体"格局与濒危语言关系的论述引发人们对濒危语言的关注,并尝试结合我国当前的实际,提出适合我国语言保护的一些对策。