企业信息门户:演进机制与实证观察

企业信息门户(EIP)已成为许多企业新一轮IT投资的热点.实证研究表明,企业的EIP工程不是简单的应用软件集成或门户网站建设问题,而是信息技术与企业内在的管理流程相互融合的变革过程.EIP的演进具有过程性和阶段性,EIP技术创新优势并不易持久.与企业战略和业务需求紧密结合、进行清晰的功能定位等有助于EIP的成功.     

改革开放以来农村五保供养制度模式变迁探析

改革开放以来,我国农村五保供养制度随着农村经济体制改革深化和社会的变迁,与时俱进,在改革中发展,目前基本实现了从农民集体内部互助共济的传统救助模式,到以国家财政供养为主,集体保障、土地保障和社会帮扶为辅的现代社会保障模式的历史性变革。2006年新《农村五保供养工作条例》的出台,不仅标志着我国五保供养工作进入了规范化、法制化管理的新阶段,而且也标志着与社会主义市场经济体制相适应的新型农村五保供养制度的基本确立。     

浙江模式:一个区域经济多重转型范式——多视野的三十年转型

基于经济转型多重性视点,本文从制度转型、工业化、城市化以及区域经济二重开放四个内涵,分别对"浙江模式"及其演进机理进行了分析.研究揭示:区域制度转型的浙江模式,是四个小区域模式的融合;区域工业化的浙江范式,是两个小区域工业化模式的聚合;区域城市化带有古典城市化的特征,"老板进城效应"突出;区域经济二重开放取先区际化后国际化的演进路径.浙江模式是这四个领域转型路径特征的融合.区域要素禀赋优势即个人商业才能的发挥与产业地方化及其集聚要求,形成转型的基础动力,这些动力促成了一种由基层到小区域,从小区域到较大区域再到省域范围的自下而上的倒逼式转型机制,由此赋予浙江转型以民营化的鲜明特征.但分析也表明,浙江模式的发挥,迄今仅限于地方政府有权处置的产业与行业范围,在超地方政府力量主宰的产业与行业,则显得无能为力.     

企业家人力资本与我国地区经济增长差异研究——基于跨省面板数据的协整和误差修正模型检验

自1978年改革开放以来,中国经济在保持年均10%左右增速的同时,东部与中西部地区经济发展水平的差异化也日益显现.通过对我国30个省区的面板数据分析,发现企业家人力资本对我国地区经济发展存在显著影响;经济发展水平较高的地区,企业家人力资本在经济中的作用也更为显著.因此,企业家人力资本丰盈程度的提高,将有助于提升欠发达地区经济增长水平,实现跨越式发展.     

汤显祖与湖州考论

本文细致考察了汤显祖与湖州的关系,主要包括三个方面:一是揭示了汤显祖与湖州董氏的关系,认为正是汤显祖的仇董心态导致了他对董斯张热情洋溢的书信采取了漠然置之的态度;二是考察了汤显祖与湖州臧懋循、臧懋中、韩敬、丁长孺、孙懋昭、凌濛初等十余人的关系;三是考察了汤显祖诗作中对湖州风光特产的吟咏,认为他至少来过湖州一次.     

Investigating the mechanism of marital mortality reduction: The transition to widowhood and quality of health care

While it is well known that the widowed suffer increased mortality risks, the mechanism of this survival disadvantage is still under investigation. In this article, we examine the quality of health care as a possible link between widowhood and mortality using a unique data set of 475,313 elderly couples who were followed up for up to nine years. We address whether the transition to widowhood affects the quality of care that individuals receive and explore the extent to which these changes mediate the elevated mortality hazard for the widowed. We analyze six established measures of quality of health care in a fixed-effect framework to account for unobserved heterogeneity. Caregiving and acute bereavement during the transition to widowhood appear to distract individuals from taking care of their own health care needs in the short run. However, being widowed does not have long-term detrimental effects on individuals’ ability to sustain contact with the formal medical system. Moreover, the short-run disruption does not mediate the widowhood effect on mortality. Nevertheless, long after spousal death, men suffer from a decline in the quality of informal care, coordination between formal and informal care, and the ability to advocate and communicate in formal medical settings. These findings illustrate women’s centrality in the household production of health and identify important points of intervention in optimizing men’s adjustment to widowhood.     

Mortality attributable to obesity among middle-aged adults in the united states

Obesity is considered a major cause of premature mortality and a potential threat to the longstanding secular decline in mortality in the United States. We measure relative and attributable risks associated with obesity among middle-aged adults using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2004). Although class II/III obesity (BMI _ 35.0 kg/m2) increases mortality by 40% in females and 62% in males compared with normal BMI (BMI = 18.5-24.9), class I obesity (BMI = 30.0-34.9) and being overweight (BMI = 25.0-29.9) are not associated with excess mortality. With respect to attributable mortality, class II/III obesity (BMI _ 35.0) is responsible for approximately 4% of deaths among females and 3% of deaths among males. Obesity is often compared with cigarette smoking as a major source of avoidable mortality. Smoking-attributable mortality is much larger in this cohort: about 36% in females and 50% in males. Results are robust to confounding by preexisting diseases, multiple dimensions of socioeconomic status (SES), smoking, and other correlates. These findings challenge the viewpoint that obesity will stem the long-term secular decline in U.S. mortality.     

Comment: there may be compositional effects,but they do not work that way*

This analysis joins the debate on how declines in marriage have shifted the composition of the unmarried and married populations in the United States, and how compositional shifts have affected nonmarital birth rates. Gray, Stockard, and Stone (2006) presented one model for compositional effects that Ermisch (2009) challenged with alternative statistical tests. I propose an alternative model for compositional shifts based not on theory but on observed marriage and fertility patterns. The results from this alternative model are consistent with Ermisch’s findings yet support Gray et al.’s general case that compositional effects have had an important infiuence on nonmarital birth rates.     

Forced Migration and Mortality in the Very Long Term: Did Perestroika Affect Death Rates Also in Finland?

In this article, we analyze mortality rates of Finns born in areas that were ceded to the Soviet Union after World War II and from which the entire population was evacuated. These internally displaced persons are observed during the period 1971-2004 and compared with people born in the same region but on the adjacent side of the new border. We find that in the 1970s and 1980s, the forced migrants had mortality rates that were on par with those of people in the comparison group. In the late 1980s, the mortality risk of internally displaced men increased by 20% in relation to the expected time trend. This deviation, which manifests particularly in cardiovascular mortality, coincides with perestroika and the demise of the Soviet Union, which were events that resulted in an intense debate in civil society about restitution of the ceded areas. Because state actors were reluctant to engage, the debate declined after some few years, and after the mid-1990s, the death risk again approached the long-term trend. Our findings indicate that when internally displaced persons must adjust to situations for which appropriate coping behaviors are unknown, psychosocial stress might arise several decades after their evacuation.     

Large,But Adaptable? A Successful Population Policy and Its Long Term Effects

A restrictive population policy led to almost doubling the number of newborns from one year to another in Romania in the 1960s. Twenty years later, this large generation (of women) enters a marriage market with few eligible older mates, in a society where marriage is a must. In this article, I analyze this social experiment within the broader frame of the marriage squeeze/two sex models. Using various data from censuses and surveys, I argue that the marriage market is flexible even when is confronted with disproportionately large cohorts. If the social pressure toward marriage is strong, the marriage rates do not necessarily fall, but the mating age patterns change.