多重制度约束下的传媒组织转型——以M市新闻传媒集团为例

本文从宏观制度环境约束和微观行动选择相结合的视角,运用定性研究方法,以M市新闻传媒集团市场化改革为案例,分析特定时空条件下扮演政治、经济、社会多重角色的传媒组织,在多重制度约束下实现市场化组织转型的过程和动因。研究发现,面对持续的政治控制、崛起的市场机制和萌发的社会责任,在具有个人能力、魅力和社会资本的主要行动者的策动下,传媒组织通过宣传与经营的分离和自觉强化"党的喉舌"功能等举措,为市场化改革赢得合法性,通过跨行业、跨区域和跨媒体的产业经营和内部管理机制改革,提高经济效率,顺利地实现从事业单位到企业单位的市场化转型。     

消费者信息安全研究——基于重要报纸报道的内容分析

20世纪90年代以来,电子商务、CRM、数据库营销等技术手段不断应用到企业营销活动中,与之相应的,消费者的信息成为炙手可热的资源,被一些机构和个人有意泄漏或贩卖。本文通过对2002年至2009年5月的中国重要报纸报道进行内容分析后发现,消费者信息泄漏的主要内容包括身份信息、财产信息、健康信息和其他个人信息四项;信息泄漏的途径则主要通过购房链、购车链、求职链、就医链等链条和一些其他机构。针对这种状况,除了完善立法和提醒消费者加强防范外,还要强化企业的社会责任意识,以此构建消费者信息安全的防御体系。     

蒙古帝国史全景下的察合台汗国——《察合台汗国史研究》述评

一、引言 无论是从元朝史还是从伊利汗国史的角度来看,大多数研究者对察合台汗国的评价都是消极的.察合台系诸王被描写成一群固守游牧传统,极度仇视定居社会的野蛮人和冒险家.而察合台汗国,就成了那些面对不可抗拒的"文明化"(汉化或伊斯兰化)潮流,转身逃逸的草原游牧贵族们抗拒时势的产物.     

农村弱势群体教育需求与教育服务研究——基于浙江部分地市的调查

农村弱势群体在新农村建设视野下日益受到全社会的关爱和重视.然而,由于受多种因素的影响,农村弱势群体在现实生活中的生存和发展状况并不乐观.通过对浙江部分地市农村弱势群体的个案调查发现,他们对教育的认识存在较大差异,对教育的需求呈现多样化趋势.而农村教育内容单调,资源严重不足,结构、形式和服务功能单一,培训的针对性、有效性缺乏,远远不能满足农村弱势群体多样化教育需求.农村教育应坚持"关注弱势、促进公平、面向农村、服务农村弱势群体"的核心理念,遵循"以人为本、需求定位"的原则,变革教学内容,创新教育模式,拓展教育形式,整合教育资源,实现"三教统筹"和"农科教结合".     

Nuclear risk perception,political efficacy,and Internet use for civic engagement in China

Nuclear power was recently reintroduced into China’s economic agenda. However, concerns have arisen as to how communities close to the sites of newly planned nuclear power plants react to the potential environmental and health risks. In a field study conducted in the proximity of the Yunxiao Nuclear Power Plant in Fujian province, it was discovered that a majority of the respondents perceived the project as having a certain level of risk. Nevertheless, online social networks were rarely used to seek relevant information, discuss benefits and threats, deliver concerns to decision-makers, or even to mobilize collective actions. Further investigation revealed a strong connection between the political efficacy of the respondents and their level of Internet use for civic engagement. The mechanisms underlying the formation of political efficacy are examined by relating the discourses of risk to their social contexts.     

Ensemble Approaches to Estimating the Population Mean with Missing Response

We propose new ensemble approaches to estimate the population mean for missing response data with fully observed auxiliary variables. We first compress the working models according to their categories through a weighted average, where the weights are proportional to the square of the least‐squares coefficients of model refitting. Based on the compressed values, we develop two ensemble frameworks, under which one is to adjust weights in the inverse probability weighting procedure and the other is built upon an additive structure by reformulating the augmented inverse probability weighting function. The asymptotic normality property is established for the proposed estimators through the theory of estimating functions with plugged‐in nuisance parameter estimates. Simulation studies show that the new proposals have substantial advantages over existing ones for small sample sizes, and an acquired immune deficiency syndrome data example is used for illustration.     

An FPTAS for generalized absolute 1-center problem in vertex-weighted graphs

Given a vertex-weighted undirected connected graph \(G = (V, E, \ell , \rho )\), where each edge \(e \in E\) has a length \(\ell (e) > 0\) and each vertex \(v \in V\) has a weight \(\rho (v) > 0\), a subset \(T \subseteq V\) of vertices and a set S containing all the points on edges in a subset \(E' \subseteq E\) of edges, the generalized absolute 1-center problem (GA1CP), an extension of the classic vertex-weighted absolute 1-center problem (A1CP), asks to find a point from S such that the longest weighted shortest path distance in G from it to T is minimized. This paper presents a simple FPTAS for GA1CP by traversing the edges in \(E'\) using a positive real number as step size. The FPTAS takes \(O( |E| |V| + |V|^2 \log \log |V| + \frac{1}{\epsilon } |E'| |T| {\mathcal {R}})\) time, where \({\mathcal {R}}\) is an input parameter size of the problem instance, for any given \(\epsilon > 0\). For instances with a small input parameter size \({\mathcal {R}}\), applying the FPTAS with \(\epsilon = \Theta (1)\) to the classic vertex-weighted A1CP can produce a \((1 + \Theta (1))\)-approximation in at most O(|E| |V|) time when the distance matrix is known and \(O(|E| |V| + |V|^2 \log \log |V|)\) time when the distance matrix is unknown, which are smaller than Kariv and Hakimi’s \(O(|E| |V| \log |V|)\)-time algorithm and \(O(|E| |V| \log |V| + |V|^3)\)-time algorithm, respectively.     

Caffeine intake is not associated with serum testosterone levels in adult men: cross-sectional findings from the NHANES 1999–2004 and 2011–2012

Objective: The association of caffeine intake with testosterone remains unclear. We evaluated the association of caffeine intake with serum testosterone among American men and determined whether this association varied by race/ethnicity and measurements of adiposity.

Methods: Data were analyzed for 2581 men (≥20?years old) who participated in the cycles of the NHANES 1999–2004 and 2011–2012, a cross-sectional study. Testosterone (ng/mL) was measured by immunoassay among men who participated in the morning examination session. We analyzed 24-h dietary recall data to estimate caffeine intake (mg/day). Multivariable weighted linear regression models were conducted.

Results: We identified no linear relationship between caffeine intake and testosterone levels in the total population, but there was a non-linear association (p_nonlinearity?p_nonlinearity?≤?.03 both) and only among men with waist circumference <102?cm and body mass index <25?kg/m² (p_nonlinearity?Conclusion: No linear association was identified between levels of caffeine intake and testosterone in US men, but we observed a non-linear association, including among racial/ethnic groups and measurements of adiposity in this cross-sectional study. These associations are warranted to be investigated in larger prospective studies.     

提高收入水平是实现小康目标的重要途径

提高收入水平是实现小康目标的重要途径邱晓华,万东华所谓小康,就是千百年来人们一直向往和追求的殷实生活,是指在温饱的基础上,生活质量进一步提高,达到丰衣足食。七届人大四次会议通过的“八五计划和十年规划”中的小康图象是。“生活资料更加丰裕,消费结构趋于合...     

Parametric and nonparametric methods for confidence intervals and sample size planning for win probability in parallel-group randomized trials with Likert item and Likert scale data

Data on the Likert scale are ubiquitous in medical research, including randomized trials. Statistical analysis of such data may be conducted using the means of raw scores or the rank information of the scores. In the context of parallel-group randomized trials, we quantify treatment effects by the probability that a subject in the treatment group has a better score than (or a win over) a subject in the control group. Asymptotic parametric and nonparametric confidence intervals for this win probability and associated sample size formulas are derived for studies with only follow-up scores, and those with both baseline and follow-up measurements. We assessed the performance of both the parametric and nonparametric approaches using simulation studies based on real studies with Likert item and Likert scale data. The simulation results demonstrate that even without baseline adjustment, the parametric methods did not perform well, in terms of bias, interval coverage percentage, balance of tail error, and assurance of achieving a pre-specified precision. In contrast, the nonparametric approach performed very well for both the unadjusted and adjusted win probability. We illustrate the methods with two examples: one using Likert item data and the other using Like scale data. We conclude that non-parametric methods are preferable for two-group randomization trials with Likert data. Illustrative SAS code for the nonparametric approach using existing procedures is provided.