Opportunities for woman-initiated HIV prevention methods among female sex workers in southern China

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods. We report on ethnographic elicitation interviews conducted with women working within informal sex-work establishments (hotels, massage and beauty parlors, roadside restaurants, boarding houses). We discuss implications of these findings for further promotion of woman-initiated prevention methods such as microbicides and female condoms among female sex workers in China.     

西部城市公用事业运营模式改革的路径选择——以西部三省(陕西、甘肃、四川)为例

一、引言 城市公用事业是城市为市民提供基础设施和公共服务的重要内容,包括城市供水、供电、供热、供气、公共交通、排水、污水处理、道路桥梁、市政设施、市容卫生、垃圾处理和城市绿化等方面.城市公用事业是城市经济社会发展的载体,直接关系到社会的公共利益和可持续发展.     

Economic Inequality is Associated with Lower Internet Use: A Nationally Representative Study

Social Indicators Research - Previous studies have documented the associations of objective class with either social capital or subjective social status, yet little attention has been paid to the...     

桂南"跳岭头"与"跳大排"初探

桂南“跳岭头”与“跳大排”在本质上都是一种驱逐鬼疫的巫术,在其历史延续过程中不断杂糅了当地民俗与道教等因素,与民间节庆融为一体,成为上古驱傩活动的变异形态,既娱神又娱人。二者都在农历八、九月间举行,流行地域毗邻,可相互观照进行对比研究。     

A primal dual active set with continuation algorithm for high-dimensional nonconvex SICA-penalized regression

The smooth integration of counting and absolute deviation (SICA) penalty has been demonstrated theoretically and practically to be effective in nonconvex penalization for variable selection and parameter estimation. However, solving the nonconvex optimization problem associated with SICA penalty in high-dimensional setting remains to be enriched, mainly due to the singularity at the origin and the nonconvexity of the SICA penalty function. In this paper, we develop a fast primal dual active set (PDAS) with continuation algorithm for solving the nonconvex SICA-penalized least squares in high dimensions. Upon introducing the dual variable, the PDAS algorithm iteratively identify and update the active set in the optimization using both the primal and dual information, and then solve a low-dimensional least square problem on the active set. When combined with a continuation strategy and a high-dimensional Bayesian information criterion (BIC) selector on the tuning parameters, the proposed algorithm is very efficient and accurate. Extensive simulation studies and analysis of a high-dimensional microarray gene expression data are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

完善公司治理结构中经理人约束与激励机制

建立经理人的市场约束机制,完善独立董事制度,充分发挥监事会的监督作用,是完善我国公司治理结构中经理人约束机制的重要措施。制订一套有效的经理人员报酬设计方案,使隐形的在职消费公开化、制度化,是完善我国公司治理结构中经理人员激励机制的重要途径。     

论经济法公平价值在个人所得税法中的弱化及其矫正

公平价值是经济法根本的价值取向,是经济法所调整的社会关系应遵循的方向,我国个人所得税法是经济法整个大系统中的子系统,应服从经济法公平价值的目标。尽管我国现行个人所得税法中的很多制度设计都体现出对税收公平的考虑,但由于我国的个人所得税实行分类征收模式以及存在征管漏洞等的缺憾,致使经济法公平价值在个人所得税法的静态和动态层面都被弱化了,个人所得税法的价值追求应遵从于经济法公平价值,应完善费用扣除方法、调整税率等来矫正经济法公平价值被弱化的状态。     

以科技资源开放共享提升上海科研公共服务水平

上海处于“创新驱动、转型发展”、建设创新型城市的关键时期,迫切需要充分利用各类科技资源,完善创新服务体系,不断提升自主创新能力：一方面,要进一步强化科技资源共享和优化配置,提升科技资源综合利用率;另一方面,更要推动“创新资源集聚”向“创新支撑服务”升级,促进科技研发公共服务发展,服务企业发展和产业技术创新。为此,上海应完善科技研发公共服务平台体系,推动企业创新发展;建立“科技资源数据中心”,优化科技创新资源配置;打造科技创新服务基地,培育壮大科技公共服务产业。     

不断完善民族区域自治,夯实解决中国民族问题的制度基础

胡锦涛同志在中央民族工作会议上指出:“民族区域自治制度是我国的一项基本政治制度,是发展社会主义民主、建设社会主义政治文明的重要内容”。“民族区域自治,作为党解决我国民族问题的一条基本经验不容置疑,作为我国的一项基本制度不容动摇,作为我国社会主义的一大政治优势不容削弱。”他还强调,为实现现阶段民族工作的主要任务,必须“坚持和完善民族区域自治制度”。①民族区域自治制度产生于马克思主义民族理论与中国共产党解决中国民族问题的实践的结合,这一制度的不断完善和规范同样来自于实践。在中国改革发展进入关键时期,必须进一…     

从汉族主义到中华民族主义——清末民初国民党及其前身组织的边疆民族观转型

学界对中国国民党边疆民族观的研究已经取得了丰富的成果,一些近代民族主义的研究也常常涉及这一问题,但是专门以国民党前身组织和其执掌全国政权之前的边疆民族观为考察对象,并梳理其边疆民族观演变过程的成果尚不多见。本文试图在前人研究的基础上,探讨这一问题。清末资产阶级革命组织及其政党边疆民族观的走向,深刻地影响了传统中国国家的转型,特别是其最终抛弃汉族主义,提出民族团结、平等思想,坚持大中华民族新主义,对唤醒各民族意识和各民族共同推动国家转型有着重要的历史作用。