Social Deviance and the 'Discovery' of the Moron

American psychologist Henry H. Goddard's introduction of the Binet test in the United States was hailed by contemporaries as a major advance in diagnostic technique. With it he 'discovered' the moron, who was believed to suffer from a mild type of mental deficiency that had previously been unidentified. But Goddard had actually grafted his new classification onto an older tradition that was based on social judgments about what constituted normal behaviour. This paper describes the social context of Goddard's discovery along with the assumptions and methods that resulted in his 'scientific' confirmation of the earlier, socially constructed prototype.     

计算机构造李亚普诺夫函数及其应用

本文叙述Brayton与Tong在动态系统的稳定分析中建立的计算机构造李亚普诺夫函数的算法,及Michel等人推广的这种算法,该方法所建立的程序有可能确定系统在平衡状态x=0的吸引域和研究互联系统的稳定性。     

关于格的子集生成幻的几点注记

本文先给出了一个反例,指出第一章P_(10)—结论不真,然后给出一个分配格的等价条件,最后讨论了生成幻(生成对偶幻)的运算性质。     

简论文化进化与生物智慧进化的关系

文化是与人类生物性智慧结构相适应的社会性智慧结构。文化进化，既是生物智慧结构的更新，也是社会群体智慧结构的更新；既是生物智慧向社会群体智慧的外化发展过程，也是社会群体智慧向生物智慧的内化发展过程。文化进化的宏观阶段．与人类生物智慧结构进化的层次相对应。文化进步的最基本因素，不是物质生产力的进步，而是由群体智慧结构进步所决定的知识生产力的进步．     

导体平板的散射矩阵

利用物理光学法推导出在双站情况下，平面波以任意角度入射时，导体平板的散射矩阵公式。通过该公式分析在特殊角度入射情况下散射场的雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ），并与文献解进行比较，验证了它的正确性。该公式结构清晰，计算简便，有利于进一步分析散射场的特性。     

多重分形与分形物理

本文简要介绍了数学中的多重分形问题,并从物理学角度论述了研究多重分形形成的物理机制,及其对现代科学技术的重大意义。     

Longitudinal measurement models in evaluation research: Examining stability and change

This article provides an introduction to the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis to test measurement invariance and stability in longitudinal research. The approach is illustrated through examples representing: (a) one construct, two measurement waves; (b) one construct, three waves; (c) two constructs, two waves; and (d) comparison of treatment and control groups in pre-post designs. Basic issues in establishing measurement invariance over time, across treatment groups, and within measurement waves are discussed. Estimates of the stability coefficients that are corrected for measurement error and method variance associated with each specific measured variable are provided. Establishing measurement invariance is a critical requirement for making inferences about treatment effects and changes in constructs over time.     

BCI-代数的一类子代数

本文讨论了ＢＣＩ－代数Ｘ中满足条件０＊（０＊ｘｋ）＝ｘ的一类子代数的性质，给出了半单ＢＣＩ－代数的定义，讨论了这类ＢＣＩ－代数的结构和半群特征．     

Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Science vs. Rhetoric

After an extensive review and analysis of the scientific evidence on the respiratory health effects of passive smoking, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded that environmental tobacco smoke causes lung cancer in adult nonsmokers and increases the risk of a variety of non-cancer respiratory disorders, especially in children. This article is a response to claims in Dr. Gio Gori's article "Policy Against Science: The Case of Environmental Tobacco Smoke," appearing in the same issue of this journal, that such conclusions are unwarranted. This response focuses only on the respiratory health effects of environmental tobacco smoke.