法学视域下的米歇尔·福柯思想

作为当代西方结构主义和后结构主义哲学的代表人物之一,米歇尔·福柯承续了19世纪末以来由尼采开创中经海德格尔的理性形而上学批判传统。依据"知识型"理论和权力理论,他力图揭橥自启蒙运动以来,现代性理念的衍进中无可摆脱的种种困境及其渐趋消亡的路向。福柯的学说在法学领域也有着一定的影响,这部分归因于其纯粹哲学方面的著述,另一方面则源于他对一些特定法学论题,如犯罪、刑事政策、监狱等的直接涉猎。在法社会学、法律语言学、犯罪学,以及刑法学等诸多研究中,都可见到对其学说观点的批判性借鉴和援引。据此,通过对福柯思想的解读,当可辨析出其之于当前的法学研究所可能引致的某些理论推动力。     

交往理性观照下的翻译主体间性

20世纪70年代以来,在笛卡尔的＂我思故我在＂哲学体系基础上建立起的西方主体性哲学稍有衰退,主体间性思想随之逐渐兴起。哈贝马斯的交往行为理论强调主体间的相互尊重、双向交往和理解,使交往行为者与世界建立起联系,以此来解决翻译研究单主体范式的困惑,使翻译活动中各主体之间能在理想的语境下通过交流,达成有效理解,清楚认识,和谐共存。     

西方经济学“三一复合教学模式”探索

＂三一复合教学模式＂,是指以培养学生的专业素养与经济思维方式和综合适应能力为目标,以师生双向互动为中心,以拓展教学空间和加强实践活动为手段,在每一个教学单元中实施讲授一个基本理论,从事一次实践演练,进行一次主题研讨的教学环节,以综合整体效应提升教学实效的教学模式。该教学模式具有丰富听课体验、强化思考体验、增强实践体验三方面的功能。该模式具有易于操作、主体受益面大、师生互动性强、效果系统连贯等优点。     

大学生与务工返乡青年农村创业刍议

改革开放尤其是党的十六大以来,我国农村经济社会建设在取得显著成就的同时,城乡失衡的矛盾和问题在某些方面也日益突出。如何统筹城乡发展,缩小区域差距成为“十二五”时期重大攻坚课题。立足农村发展实际,对大学生与务工返乡青年农村创业进行相关研究有历史和现实意义,大学生和务工返乡青年创业竞合将成为农村经济社会发展的强劲动力源,是当前统筹城乡发展有效的途径之一。     

Self-reported mobility and instrumental activities of daily living: test-retest reliability and criterion validity

To determine the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of self-reported function in mobility and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older adults, a convenience sample of 70 subjects (72.9 ± 6.6 yr, 34 male) was split into able and disabled groups based on baseline assessment and into consistently able, consistently disabled, and inconsistent based on repeat assessments over 2 weeks. The criterion validities of the self-reported measures of mobility domain and IADL-physical subdomain were assessed with concurrent baseline measures of 4 mobility performances, and that of the self-reported measure of IADL-cognitive subdomain, with the Mini-Mental State Examination. Test-retest reliability was moderate for the mobility, IADL-physical, and IADL-cognitive subdomains (κ = .51-.66). Those who reported being able at baseline also performed better on physical- and cognitive-performance tests. Those with variable performance between test occasions tended to report inconsistently on repeat measures in mobility and IADL-cognitive, suggesting fluctuations in physical and cognitive performance.     

Sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment and probable Alzheimer’s disease as predicted by hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities

This study examined biological sex differences in the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development as predicted by changes in the hippocampus or white matter hyperintensities. A secondary data analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set was conducted. We selected samples of participants with normal cognition at baseline who progressed to MCI (n = 483) and those who progressed to probable AD (n = 211) to determine if hippocampal volume or white matter hyperintensities (WMH) at baseline predicted progression to probable AD or MCI and whether the rate of progression differed between men and women. The survival analyses indicated that changes in hippocampal volumes affected the progression to probable AD (HR = 0.535, 95% CI [0.300–0.953]) only among women. White men had an increased rate of progression to AD (HR = 4.396, CI [1.012–19.08]; HR = 4.665, 95% CI [1.072–20.29]) compared to men in other race and ethnic groups. Among women, increases in hippocampal volume ratio led to decreased rates of progressing to MCI (HR = 0.386, 95% CI [0.166–0.901]). Increased WMH among men led to faster progression to MCI (HR = 1.048. 95% CI [1.011–1.086]). Women and men who were older at baseline were more likely to progress to MCI. In addition, results from longitudinal analyses showed that women with a higher CDR global score, older age at baseline, or more disinhibition symptoms experienced higher odds of MCI development. Changes in hippocampal volumes affect the progression to or odds of probable AD (and MCI) more so among women than men, while changes in WMH affected the progression to MCI only among men.     

异味与佳肴：瘪的话语建构与象征意义

瘪是从牛羊胃或小肠中提取的未完全消化的食物所制成的一种汁液佐料,以之加工的菜肴主要流行于贵州、广西、云南等地部分少数民族中,其食用过程往往带有神圣性与仪式性。但因其来源与“他者”认知中的“卫生”有巨大的差距,长期被视为肮脏、落后、原始的表现,并推于食之的少数民族。然而,20世纪90年代以来,随着民族地区旅游业的开展,大众媒体的广泛传播,在媒介、游客、地方政府以及乡民的大力推介下,瘪逐渐实现了华丽的转身,成为健康、原生态的表征,以及一定地域文化的象征符号。瘪的话语建构,反映了人们追求新奇、包容多元的现代性反叛,借助于瘪,那些曾被视为原始、落后的地域和人们一定意义上实现了身份标签的扭转。     

Neighbor sum distinguishing index of 2-degenerate graphs

We consider proper edge colorings of a graph G using colors in \(\{1,\ldots ,k\}\). Such a coloring is called neighbor sum distinguishing if for each pair of adjacent vertices u and v, the sum of the colors of the edges incident with u is different from the sum of the colors of the edges incident with v. The smallest value of k in such a coloring of G is denoted by \({\mathrm ndi}_{\Sigma }(G)\). In this paper we show that if G is a 2-degenerate graph without isolated edges, then \({\mathrm ndi}_{\Sigma }(G)\le \max \{\Delta (G)+2,7\}\).     

Total completion time minimization in online hierarchical scheduling of unit-size jobs

This paper investigates an online hierarchical scheduling problem on m parallel identical machines. Our goal is to minimize the total completion time of all jobs. Each job has a unit processing time and a hierarchy. The job with a lower hierarchy can only be processed on the first machine and the job with a higher hierarchy can be processed on any one of m machines. We first show that the lower bound of this problem is at least \(1+\min \{\frac{1}{m}, \max \{\frac{2}{\lceil x\rceil +\frac{x}{\lceil x\rceil }+3}, \frac{2}{\lfloor x\rfloor +\frac{x}{\lfloor x\rfloor }+3}\}\), where \(x=\sqrt{2m+4}\). We then present a greedy algorithm with tight competitive ratio of \(1+\frac{2(m-1)}{m(\sqrt{4m-3}+1)}\). The competitive ratio is obtained in a way of analyzing the structure of the instance in the worst case, which is different from the most common method of competitive analysis. In particular, when \(m=2\), we propose an optimal online algorithm with competitive ratio of \(16\) \(/\) \(13\), which complements the previous result which provided an asymptotically optimal algorithm with competitive ratio of 1.1573 for the case where the number of jobs n is infinite, i.e., \(n\rightarrow \infty \).     

消费者异质性环保偏好下的绿色产品定价模型

文章研究了低碳环境下,需求受消费者环保偏好和消费水平影响的绿色产品定价问题.针对消费者购买行为,把消费者划分为绿色消费者和普通消费者,假设消费者对产品的估价是异质的,并服从均匀分布,通过构造效用函数得到消费者的购买行为.分别讨论了市场中存在单一垄断制造商和两个垄断制造商时生产模式的选择,研究表明:单一垄断制造商时,制造商的生产模式的选择取决于绿色消费者的比例;两个垄断制造商时,绿色产品制造商作为主导者,控制着市场中绿色产品和普通产品的市场占有率.