被动句对动词的选择

现代汉语中“被”、“叫”、“让”、“给”是表示被动语法意义的介词。把现代汉语中这四个介词各个所适用的格式分成七类而考察七类格式对动词的选择。可以发现并不是所有的动词都能出现在七类格式中动词的位置上,即有些动词能进入由四个介词形成的被动格式,有些不能。但能够出现在由四个介词形成的被动格式的动词在具体被动格式之下还不能出现。总的来说,能否出现在七种被动格式的动词受动词表达的意义、音节、语体色彩与格式的制约。     

ONTARIO STUDENT PARTY ACTIVISTS: A NOTE ON DIFFERENTIAL PARTICIPATION IN A VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATION

Bien qu'un bon nombre d'études de participation politique aient été faites auprès de publics de masse, le degré de participation de ceux que Ton désigne habituellement d'activistes politiques a été presque complétement ignoré. Cette note de recherche porte sur le degré de participation à l'intérieur de clubs universitaires rattachés à un parti politique á partir de données obtenues au moyen de questionnaires envoyés à un échantillon d'activistes dans plusieurs universités ontariennes au printemps de 1970. L'analyse par classification multiple est utilisée pour mesurer l'effet de plusieurs variables sur le degré de participation. Un résultat important se trouve dans ce que plusieurs variables qui peuvent servir à expliquer pourquoi on devient membre d'une association volontaire telle qu'un club politique sont inutiles pour expliquer le degré de participation dans les activités du club.
Although there have been a number of studies of political participation among mass publics, there have been virtually no efforts made to study differential participation among those conventionally designated as political activists. This research note focuses on differential participation within university political party clubs, using data derived from questionnaires sent to a sample of political club activists in the several Ontario universities in the spring of 1970. Multiple classification analysis is used to assess the impact of several variables on differential participation. A major finding is that some variables, useful for explaining who joins a voluntary organization such as a political club, are unable to explain level of participation in the club's activities.     

JIT purchasing: attribute classification and literature review

To find critical JIT purchasing attributes for manufacturing industry, 56 refereed articles are reviewed. These articles are categorized as conceptual, case and empirical studies. Thirty-four attributes are thus identified. An input-output model is developed to classify these attributes. The inputs to JIT purchasing environment consists of buyer, supplier and joint buyer-supplier actions with 13, six and six attributes, respectively. The interaction between these attributes leads to the JIT purchasing environment. Output of this environment consists of nine attributes. By using the frequency of citation of an attribute as a measure of its importance, consensus is found among conceptual and case studies regarding those attributes of JIT purchasing considered critical. However, many of these attributes have not been investigated empirically, while others have not been rigorously examined. Common supplier evaluation criteria are identified. Benefits and problems with JIT purchasing implementation are discussed. Analysis suggests the need for comprehensive and statistically rigorous empirical studies.     

Quantile Regression Estimator for GARCH Models

Abstract. In this article, we study the quantile regression estimator for GARCH models. We formulate the quantile regression problem by a reparametrization method and verify that the obtained quantile regression estimator is strongly consistent and asymptotically normal under certain regularity conditions. We also present our simulation results and a real data analysis for illustration.     

Inference for Box–Cox Transformed Threshold GARCH Models with Nuisance Parameters

Abstract. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) models have been widely used for analyzing financial time series with time‐varying volatilities. To overcome the defect of the Gaussian quasi‐maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) when the innovations follow either heavy‐tailed or skewed distributions, Berkes & Horváth (Ann. Statist., 32, 633, 2004) and Lee & Lee (Scand. J. Statist. 36, 157, 2009) considered likelihood methods that use two‐sided exponential, Cauchy and normal mixture distributions. In this paper, we extend their methods for Box–Cox transformed threshold GARCH model by allowing distributions used in the construction of likelihood functions to include parameters and employing the estimated quasi‐likelihood estimators (QELE) to handle those parameters. We also demonstrate that the proposed QMLE and QELE are consistent and asymptotically normal under regularity conditions. Simulation results are provided for illustration.     

《蒙特利尔公约》下之韩国航空承运人责任制度

国际民航组织1999年通过的《统一国际航空运输某些规则的蒙特利尔公约》于2003年11月4日生效,它对各国国内立法产生了深远影响.《蒙特利尔公约》采用两级责任制度规制航空承运人的责任,即对乘客人身造成伤亡达到10万特别提款权时适用严格责任原则,超过此限而无任何限制的适用举证倒置的推定责任原则.韩国已与2011年4月29日通过了商法典第6部分之国家航空运输法,该法明确了对乘客以及行李和货物造成损害的责任条款,并采用了《蒙特利尔公约》中的主要责任原则.韩国有关航空承运人责任的国内法将有效解决在运送乘客、行李和货物方面有关承运人责任的争议,并在其规定的抗辩和限制范围内,为受到损害的乘客和托运人提供适当赔偿.     

STOCK RETURNS, ASYMMETRIC VOLATILITY, RISK AVERSION, AND BUSINESS CYCLE: SOME NEW EVIDENCE

We study how three interrelated phenomena—excess stock returns and risk relation, risk aversion, and asymmetric volatility movement—change over business cycles. Using an asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity in mean model and a Markov switching model, we find that excess stock return increases and asymmetric volatility movement is weakened during boom periods. This suggests that investors become more risk-averse during boom periods (i.e., procyclical risk aversion), which we confirm using a calibration of a simple equilibrium model . ( JEL C32, E32, G12)