Child‐Care Usage and Mother‐Infant “Quality Time”

Mothers' time‐use patterns were compared in families in which infants spent more than 30 hours per week in child care (In‐Care group; n= 143) versus 0 hours per week (At‐Home group; n= 183) from birth to 6 months of age. In‐Care group mothers spent about 12 fewer hours per week interacting with their infants, for about 32% less time; fathers of these infants were more involved in caregiving. The groups did not differ in the quality of mother‐infant interaction. In the In‐Care group, quantity of interaction was related to greater separation anxiety and concerns about effects of maternal employment. Time‐use data were not related to child outcomes at 15 months of age. Results suggest that the effect of extensive time spent apart on the quantity and quality of mother‐infant interaction may be smaller than anticipated.     

Infants' Responses to Gender‐Inconsistent Events

Toddlers' knowledge of the stereotyping of traditionally feminine and masculine household activities was examined using the preferential looking paradigm. Seventy‐seven 24‐month‐old infants observed a series of 9 pairs of photographs, each portraying a male and female adult engaged in the same stereotyped or gender‐neutral activity (e.g., ironing, hammering, or reading). Longer looking times were predicted on stimuli inconsistent with gender stereotypes (e.g., looking longer at the man putting on lipstick than at the woman). The results suggested that toddlers have acquired some knowledge of the gender stereotyping of feminine activities by their 2nd birthday.     

Ka波段二倍频器的研究与设计

利用反向并联二极管对的二倍频原理,设计了Ka波段二倍频器。用高级设计系统ADS设计软件包的射频设计软件对二倍频器的电路进行了模型设计和仿真分析,并对设计出的二倍频器进行了整体优化,研制了Ka波段的二倍频器;在整个Ka波段内的变频损耗为11.2±1.8 dB,减少了设计的理想模型与实际参数的偏差。     

以言语行为分类模式重构英文商务信函的分类

以 Leech对言语行为的分类模式为基础 ,对英文商务信函重新分为合作类信函、和谐类信函、竞争类信函和冲突类信函等类。合作类信函突出简洁明了的语言特点 ,和谐类信函突出积极肯定的语言特点 ,竞争类信函突出亲切自然的语言特点 ,冲突类信函突出间接委婉的语言特点 ,这些语言特点的应用都是以突出交际双方的内在利益关系为前提的     

中国古代哲学与自然科学的关系史撷要及其历史启示

本文从春秋战国、秦汉、三国两晋南北朝、隋唐宋元、明清五个分期对中国古代哲学与自然科学的关系史进行了考察。哲学的繁荣可以促进科学的繁荣 ,哲学的凋敝也容易压制科学的创新 ;哲学的发展与科学的发展在历史上往往是耦合的 ;哲学与科学的分离容易导致哲学的畸形发展 ;科学脱离哲学将缺乏指向性和方法论指导     

中国村官的现在与未来

村官肩负着社会主义新农村建设的历史使命。调查中发现，当前中国的村官面临着“权”、“利”、素质及心态等困境。这些困境的形成，是历史、体制、行政、利益及自身等原因造成的。帮助村官走出困境，使其承担起历史的责任，需要构建形成责任心的内生机制，提高他们的待遇，并从体制上解决其后顾之忧。     

Bayesian Experimental Design for Long-Term Longitudinal HIV Dynamic Studies

The study of HIV dynamics is one of the most important developments in recent AIDS research for understanding the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and antiviral treatment strategies. Currently a large number of AIDS clinical trials on HIV dynamics are in development worldwide. However, many design issues that arise from AIDS clinical trials have not been addressed. In this paper, we use a simulation-based approach to deal with design problems in Bayesian hierarchical nonlinear (mixed-effects) models. The underlying model characterizes the long-term viral dynamics with antiretroviral treatment where we directly incorporate drug susceptibility and exposure into a function of treatment efficacy. The Bayesian design method is investigated under the framework of hierarchical Bayesian (mixed-effects) models. We compare a finite number of feasible candidate designs numerically, which are currently used in AIDS clinical trials from different perspectives, and provide guidance on how a design might be chosen in practice.     

当代中国心理咨询与治疗本土化的途径

通过对国内心理咨询、治疗发展问题的分析认为,必须加速心理咨询与治疗本土化.心理咨询与治疗本土化的途径,首先是心理咨询和治疗者工作者自身的本土化.其次是加速心理测量的本土化,改革高校心理学专业课程设置、普及学校心理辅导、心理咨询,以及将传统心理咨询形式与现代心理咨询形式的结合.     

黑格尔与经典作家论哲学体系的逻辑展开

我国改革开放以来,马克思主义哲学的体系创新逐渐成为马克思主义哲学的研究重点之一,作者认为重温黑格尔、马克思、恩格斯和列宁关于构建科学的哲学体系的思想对于推动这个问题的研究是有重要意义的。在作者看来,他们构建科学的哲学体系的主要原则是逻辑与历史一致,其具体表现是哲学范畴、原理从抽象到具体的过程。文章重点论述了列宁构建科学的哲学体系的思想。