Welfare Rigidity,the Composition of Public Expenditure and the Welfare Trap

Welfare expenditure is characterized by rigidity, i.e., it goes up easily but is very hard to get down. We introduced welfare rigidity into an endogenous growth model that includes government expenditure to analyze the impact of welfare rigidity and the composition of public expenditure on economic growth and family utility. Our findings show that welfare spending and economic growth have a non-monotonic relationship that is negative or inverted U-shaped depending on cross-country differences. Higher welfare rigidity reduces long-term economic growth and household utility. According to the estimated optimal size of welfare expenditure, China, as a developing country with a large population, has to do all it can to improve people’s livelihood but must at the same time weigh its limited resources so that its welfare expenditure does not fall into a “welfare trap.”     

"古迹空间":变迁中的"凝固"传统

以唐人街为代表的海外华人传统建筑作为海外华文文学中独异的空间形象,抗衡着失忆的历史,传达着作家的现代危机意识,呈现出丰富的生命形态,在过去、现在、将来的多个层面上展示出中华文化传统在海外迁徙、播散中的命运。     

论经典诠释与哲学建构之关系——以朱子对《四书》的解释为中心

在中国经典解释传统中,经典文本与解经者的哲学建构之间,存在着既不能分割,而又互为紧张的关系。两者之所以不可分割,是因为中国哲学家常常首先是哲学史家,他们经由古圣先贤及其经典的召唤,而浸润在古典的精神世界之中,他们“回顾性地”为经典作注解,正是他们“展望性的”哲学建构工作的起点。但是,经典文本与解经者之间,又有其紧张性,因为中国哲学家(如本文所研究的朱子)常常抱着他们自己的哲学问题进入经典,以自己的思想叩撞经典作者的心灵,因此,某种“解释的张力”终难以避免。我们可以从孟子学汲取化解两者间张力的方法论灵感:一是尚友古人,与古人对话,进入古人的心魂,这是“对话的”经典诠释法;二是进入古人的时空情境,在古人的脉络中温故而知新,这是“历史的”解释方法。两者交互应用,庶几在经典诠释与哲学建构之间获致动态的平衡。     

试论两宋儒学的文本观及其经学中的语言学思想

两宋儒学提倡不盲从的普遍怀疑精神和学贵得之于心的自由学风，以“理义大本”为理性支点，力求除去个人私见与锢蔽，即从经文本身的语境即“上下文义”、理解的时间性即“熟读深思”上，“不为文字所桔”，求得圣人之意。这样，两宋儒学中的语言哲学既接续了汉唐注疏对圣人之意的传述，接植了先秦以来的言意之辨、名实之辨的语言哲学精神，又突破了训诂师承的传统，在读经与做人、创通经义与自我省察乃至提升理想人格上，提出了值得一再回味的命题，从而启开了经学与理学互释的源头。     

世纪之交的高师物理实验教学初探

本文从大、中学物理实验教学的现状出发，对大学物理实验教学在培养适应多样化需要的跨世纪人才中，应怎样优化和改革各教学环节作了初步探索。     

无补偿板的迈克耳孙干涉仪

本文研究了无补偿板情况下迈克耳孙干涉仪的条纹特点;并对条纹特点进行了充分的解释;指出了补偿板的作用不仅在于使不同波长的光得到相同的补偿,而且也使不同入射方向的光得到了相同的补偿。     

Myopic Analysis for Multi‐Echelon Inventory Systems with Batch Ordering and Nonstationary/Time‐Correlated Demands

We provide an exact myopic analysis for an N‐stage serial inventory system with batch ordering, linear ordering costs, and nonstationary demands under a finite planning horizon. We characterize the optimality conditions of the myopic nested batching newsvendor (NBN) policy and the myopic independent batching newsvendor (IBN) policy, which is a single‐stage approximation. We show that echelon reorder levels under the NBN policy are upper bounds of the counterparts under both the optimal policy and the IBN policy. In particular, we find that the IBN policy has bounded deviations from the optimal policy. We further extend our results to systems with martingale model of forecast evolution (MMFE) and advance demand information. Moreover, we provide a recursive computing procedure and optimality conditions for both heuristics which dramatically reduces computational complexity. We also find that the NBN problem under the MMFE faced by one stage has one more dimension for the forecast demand than the one faced by its downstream stage and that the NBN policy is optimal for systems with advance demand information and stationary problem data. Numerical studies demonstrate that the IBN policy outperforms on average the NBN policy over all tested instances when their optimality conditions are violated.     

On moments and cumulants of the D compound Poisson distribution

This note provides more results on moments and cumulants of the D compound Poisson distribution through the properties of the multivariate generalized power series distribution.     

一种适用于无线ATM通信的差错控制方案

研究了无线ＡＴＭ通信的差错控制方案，提出了应根据多媒体业务类型、速率等参数，以及移动环境等，自适应地选择合适的差错控制技术和参数的思想。文中提出的差错控制方案主要包括ＦＥＣ（可变深度的交织、卷织码、ＢＣＨ码）和限时／非限时ＳＡＲＱ等技术，计算机仿真结果表明了所提方案的有效性。     

超塑成形技术在注塑模制造上的应用

利用金属的超塑性成形技术制造用一般常规加工方法难以加工的复杂盲孔型腔，具有工艺简单、制模周期短、成本低，轮廓清晰、表面光洁等优点。