空间结构演化与长江三角洲先进制造业新一轮技术创新的联动战略

本文运用空间经济学的技术扩散理论,对长江三角洲内部具有高度技术联系和地理上又紧密相邻的沪苏锡先进制造业的产值、资产、利润、技术开发经费和开发人员等指标作了一次细致的研究。几乎所有的统计数据表明,未来数年,沪苏锡先进制造业的发展重点将从"资本深化"向"技术深化"转型,预示着制造业结构一场重大变动阶段的到来。区域内部技术资源的高度集聚性和空间毗邻性意味着可供利用的创新资源存量正在超速增长,采取鼓励增加技术投资以及推动知识和技术等生产要素在区域内部和区域之间自由流动的政策是一定能够提高先进制造业的技术创新率,并且可以将新的技术创新成果扩散到更广阔的区域,获取更大的技术创新效益和促进更快的工业结构升级。     

政治平等:神话还是现实——政治平等的内在逻辑与实现路径的规范分析

政治平等指所有受政府公共政策影响的公民在政府公共政策的制定、执行、评估中享有平等的机会,具有大致相同的影响力。政治平等是公民有尊严地生活的内在要求,是社会正义得以实现的政治条件,是政治共同体维系政治团结的重要基础。在现实政治生活中,一些人认为政治平等的要求是不合理的、难以实现的、难以测量的,可能会侵犯其他政治价值。实现政治平等,需要实现某种程度的经济平等,同时要限制经济不平等对政治平等的影响,保障社会弱势群体的公民权,公平配置代表权。     

Increasing Competency,Self-Confidence,and Connectedness Among Foster Care Alumni Entering a 4-Year University: Findings from an Early-Start Program

Research shows that few foster care alumni enroll and complete post-secondary education. For those who do enroll, many experience challenges associated with academic and social adjustment and are at risk of dropping out. Many college-based programs are being developed and are available to foster care alumni to support them during their post-secondary education. This study used pre-tests, post-tests, and journal entries of seventeen participants to evaluate a strengths-based, resilience-oriented early-start program for newly enrolled students at a large public university that provides knowledge about the institution, resources (e.g., tutoring), and social support necessary for foster care alumni to make a smooth transition into college life and to increase short and long-term student success. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that students who participated in the early-start program showed increased confidence and competency in academic and social adjustment. Findings also showed personal growth (e.g., building resiliency) and an increased connectedness among students who participated in the program. Study findings can inform the development of new on-campus support programs and help enhance existing programming. Future research should address short and long-term outcomes and experiences of students who are former foster youth who have participated in on-campus support programs.     

Predicting the recipients of social work support,and its impact on emotional and behavioural problems in early childhood

This paper examines the recipients of social work support in the Millennium Cohort Study. Using panel analysis and fixed effects models, it investigates the factors that lead to the receipt of any type of social work support for individuals with young children and the effects of this support on changes in the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in these children. We find that divorce or separation, and episodes of homelessness are two important factors that lead to the receipt of social work support. Mothers with male children are also more likely to receive social work support. However, we find no clear evidence that social work support has any effect on changes in children's emotional and behavioural problems over time. The implications of these findings for social work research and for practice and policy are discussed.     

Child Poverty Among Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities

This paper analyzes the data from the Population Census of 2011 to identify the characteristics of poor ethnic minority groups in Hong Kong and the factors that are associated with child poverty among these ethnic minorities. The results show that the child poverty level varies between different ethnic groups and that ethnic minorities from developing nations are likely to have a higher poverty level. In particular, Pakistani children have the highest poverty rate among all ethnic groups. The results also show that Pakistani, Nepalese, and Mixed (Chinese and Asian) nationalities have a higher child poverty rate than that of Chinese individuals who constitute the majority of the Hong Kong population. The main reason for this is that, unlike their Chinese counterparts, some of these ethnic minority households have not benefited from their own human capital or their length of exposure in the local society in Hong Kong. And even if they have benefited, the positive impact of these factors on ethnic minority households was much weaker compared to that of Chinese households. These results suggest that ethnic minorities need to be categorized as a separate group in order to assess their specific needs, and assimilation policies, especially support on Chinese language learning, need to be an integral part of the government’s poverty reduction strategy to reduce child poverty among ethnic minorities.     

从《桂林风土记》看唐代桂林民众对佛道二教的接受

《桂林风土记》一书记载有关佛道之事七条,对于考察唐代桂林民众接受这两大宗教的情况颇有价值.从中可见对于道教,他们从神仙信仰、符咒巫术到斋戒仪式都予以认同,接受比较全面;而对于佛教,虽然就有形的物质形态方面看,《金刚经》刻了碑,卢舍那佛有雕像,寺庙有多处,表明影响不小;而就意识层面看,他们关注和重视的主要是供僧的回报、佛的灵异事迹和祈雨有应等,佛教经、律方面的知识与思想则非兴趣所在,接受有些片面和走样.之所以出现这样的情况,与这一民族地区的民间浓厚鬼神信仰有较大关系,当地民众是根据其固有信仰来对佛道二教进行取舍的.     

新生代农民工群体特征研究

自2010年中央一号文件首次提出“新生代农民工”说法,新生代农民工开始成为社会各界关注的对象,通过梳理相关文献大致可勾画出新生代农民工所谓“四高”、“一低”、“一薄弱”的社会印象和群体特征。相对其他群体来说,新生代农民工受教育水平并不高,对于农民身份认同相对减弱,城市社区认同较高。对于新生代农民工群体特征的研究应该区分农民工的人口学特征与社会特征,并充分认识到新生代农民工群体的异质性,对其定义和特征把握要注意从与周围群体和代际关系中共同考虑。     

大卫·李嘉图的货币理论及黄金的历史使命

在西方国家量化宽松的货币政策背景下,一种呼唤金本位回归的声音日趋强烈。这在理念上与200年前大卫.李嘉图的货币理论和"金价论战"有着某种联系。尽管李嘉图混淆了纸币和贵金属货币以及银行券的不同属性和流通规律,然而他的货币理论,尤其是关于纸币发行必须受到约束的观点,至今仍有重大意义。后来西方国家在相当长历史时期内实行的金本位制度,很大程度上就体现了李嘉图的货币思想。今天不可能再回到金本位制度,但黄金的投资保值避险功能将更加明显。     

应慎言“以产业优惠代替区域优惠”

在促进后发展地区经济发展的过程中,世界各国普遍将税收区域优惠政策作为刺激投资的主要措施,我国在东南沿海开发、开放初期也不例外.在区域税收优惠方面,按“经济特区——经济技术开发区——沿海经济开放区——内地”梯度递减的方式体现,使东南沿海地区享受的税收优惠待遇远高于其他地区,形成了我国税收区域优惠政策的格局.经过三十多年的开发、开放,已造就了长三角、珠三角、环渤海地区三大增长极,其发展态势和增长速度受到全世界的关注.税收区域优惠政策对东部地区的发展发挥了巨大的刺激作用,造就了一批民族品牌,扩大了社会就业,促进了居民生活水平的大幅提高.目前,在我国应实行税收区域优惠政策从东南沿海向中西部地区的转移,而不应简单的“以产业优惠替代区域优惠”或“淡出税收区域优惠政策”.