Generalized phase I-II designs to increase long term therapeutic success rate

Designs for early phase dose finding clinical trials typically are either phase I based on toxicity, or phase I-II based on toxicity and efficacy. These designs rely on the implicit assumption that the dose of an experimental agent chosen using these short-term outcomes will maximize the agent's long-term therapeutic success rate. In many clinical settings, this assumption is not true. A dose selected in an early phase oncology trial may give suboptimal progression-free survival or overall survival time, often due to a high rate of relapse following response. To address this problem, a new family of Bayesian generalized phase I-II designs is proposed. First, a conventional phase I-II design based on short-term outcomes is used to identify a set of candidate doses, rather than selecting one dose. Additional patients then are randomized among the candidates, patients are followed for a predefined longer time period, and a final dose is selected to maximize the long-term therapeutic success rate, defined in terms of duration of response. Dose-specific sample sizes in the randomization are determined adaptively to obtain a desired level of selection reliability. The design was motivated by a phase I-II trial to find an optimal dose of natural killer cells as targeted immunotherapy for recurrent or treatment-resistant B-cell hematologic malignancies. A simulation study shows that, under a range of scenarios in the context of this trial, the proposed design has much better performance than two conventional phase I-II designs.     

增权视野下未成年犯矫正社会工作实务探析——以广西河池市X司法所为例

目前,我国社区矫正的重刑倾向使司法工作者较少关注到未成年社区服刑人员的“失权”处境。增权既有利于帮助该特殊群体提高适应生活的能力,又有利于帮助他们顺利实现再社会化。对广西河池市X司法所的介入研究发现,从个人、人际和环境3个层面为未成年犯增权,有助于将“他助”转化为“自助”。同时存在案主客观问题易被忽视、社会工作者在矫正社会工作中缺乏独立性、工作成效受限等问题,建议从丰富增权理论运用模式、提高社会工作者地位认同、凝聚多方力量群策群力等层面进行优化。     

疫情防控背景下毕业设计(论文)改进策略研究

毕业设计(论文)是培养本科人才的重要教学环节,2020年新冠肺炎疫情的暴发对毕业设计(论文)工作产生一定的影响.该文以广东石油化工学院化学工程与工艺专业为例,从学校、学院、专业三个维度介绍为应对疫情影响所采取的措施,分析存在的问题,并提出未来的持续改进策略,以提高学生从事工程设计和科学研究的能力.     

Borrowing Information across Populations in Estimating Positive and Negative Predictive Values

A marker's capacity to predict risk of a disease depends on disease prevalence in the target population and its classification accuracy, i.e. its ability to discriminate diseased subjects from non-diseased subjects. The latter is often considered an intrinsic property of the marker; it is independent of disease prevalence and hence more likely to be similar across populations than risk prediction measures. In this paper, we are interested in evaluating the population-specific performance of a risk prediction marker in terms of positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) at given thresholds, when samples are available from the target population as well as from another population. A default strategy is to estimate PPV and NPV using samples from the target population only. However, when the marker's classification accuracy as characterized by a specific point on the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve is similar across populations, borrowing information across populations allows increased efficiency in estimating PPV and NPV. We develop estimators that optimally combine information across populations. We apply this methodology to a cross-sectional study where we evaluate PCA3 as a risk prediction marker for prostate cancer among subjects with or without previous negative biopsy.     

美国电影视域下的科技主义文化特征及其反思

美国的高科技为美国电影向世界范围传播搭建了平台,体现了"科技至上"与"科技崇拜"的文化视角.若将科技的作用强调到极端,对高科技形成人类图腾的迷狂,一味推祟工具理性,奉行"科技至上"、"科技崇拜",否定人文精神,将对社会的发展起到危害作用.     

投资组合的风险度量问题研究

本文研究CVaR模型对投资组合的风险度量问题,将VaR与CVaR两个风险度量模型进行比较,指出当今流行的风险管理模型VaR的缺陷,分析了CVaR模型进行风险管理的优势,以及用CVaR模型来代替VaR模型作为金融机构风险管理主要工具的重要性。     

《哲学的贫困》文本价值与当代启示

<哲学的贫困>是马克思主义哲学和马克思主义政治经济学发展史上的双重经典,具有重要的历史价值.著名学者马雷什、费多谢耶夫、卢森贝、维戈茨基等对该文本的思想内涵加以深入审视,认为该文本是马克思思想的里程碑.梳理并分辨诸学者对该经典的解读,对我们理解<哲学的贫困>的历史价值并生发其时代精神,具有一定的启示意义.     

城乡收入差距的再检验

统计数据表明,中国的城乡收入差距自1985年后显示出不断扩大的趋势,但众多的学者在讨论城乡收入差距扩大时忽略了改革开放后大量的农村居民转变为城市居民所导致的城乡人口分组变化,由此分别高估和低估了实际的城市收入水平和农村收入水平,倘若再考虑到城乡劳动收入统计口径的差异及劳动力是否市场化的问题,实际的城乡收入差距与统计数据偏差更大.本文综合考虑了以上因素利用1985-2007年全国数据对城乡收入差距进行了重新估算,结果显示,城乡收入差距并没有想象的那么大,且长期来看呈波动下降的趋势.     

马克思美学中的审美价值观

马克思美学从“美的规律”（审美理想）和“异化劳动”（异化的审美现实）两条线索出发,提出了审美价值的发展观。这一发展观使审美关系实质上成为由审美主体、象征符号（文化生产机制）、审美客体三方面组成的结构性关系,这就意味着审美价值成为一个开放的发展系统。这一开放系统以审美价值标准的存在保有自己的独特性,即它是一种价值参考,一种对社会绝大多数人来讲,能够扩展审美自由度,丰富审美体验的意义参考。     

论女性形象的再现机制——对电影《时时刻刻》的文化解读

电影《时时刻刻》是作为一部“女性主义”影片获得成功和被接受的。但是通过对它的文化解读我们可以发现,在这部艺术作品中,男性主导话语对女性形象“再现”过程起着潜移默化的置换和扭曲作用,而在文化研究中,代言人的身份是非常关键的一个考察前提。透过女性身份表现出的男权渗透才是女性文化中最为普遍的现象。