“军祭酒”三题

建安时期,曹操以司空、丞相的身份控制东汉朝廷军政大权,军祭酒是其府中重要僚属。当时曹操不能以大将军身份主政,于是设置这一职位用以弥补司空府无僚佐主理军务的制度空白。这一职位并非"军师祭酒"的别称,地位上也不能与军师、军师祭酒相提并论。曹操平定北方后,军祭酒的主要职能从军政转为行政,随着魏国朝廷的建立,其政务功能也被魏国官僚机构取代。     

蒙城方言中的例外字音

语音演变规律虽具有严整性,但例外字音却不可避免,亦不容忽视。以《方言调查字表》为准,从语音的历史积淀、声符类推、语流音变等方面探讨蒙城方言例外字音成因,可以进一步考察蒙城方言的语音面貌,进而较为全面地认识理解其发展演变规律。     

Affiliation networks with an increasing degree sequence

Affiliation network is one kind of two-mode social network with two different sets of nodes (namely, a set of actors and a set of social events) and edges representing the affiliation of the actors with the social events. Although a number of statistical models are proposed to analyze affiliation networks, the asymptotic behaviors of the estimator are still unknown or have not been properly explored. In this article, we study an affiliation model with the degree sequence as the exclusively natural sufficient statistic in the exponential family distributions. We establish the uniform consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator when the numbers of actors and events both go to infinity. Simulation studies and a real data example demonstrate our theoretical results.     

福利集合主义：超越分类主义的保障政策

福利集合主义在吸收左派、右派或中间派的政治思想的同时，也在超越这些分类主义的政治思想，探讨适合自己发展的福利改革路线。福利集合主义者认为，福利国家就是指国家可以满足大众的基本需求。     

国际法上的民族自决权原则:基于《联合国宪章》和国际法院的解释

民族自决权在推动民族独立、建立民族国家,以及殖民地人民摆脱殖民统治的运动中发挥过巨大作用。虽然它已发展成一项国际法基本原则,但从国际法律文件和国际法院的实践来看,其适用和行使有严格限制。民族自决权的行使不能破坏国家政治统一和领土完整,且主要适用于联合国托管下的非自治领土和处于殖民统治或异族压迫下的民族。此外,是否允许既存国家的一部分从该国脱离,各国分歧很大。因此,国际法上的民族自决权原则还很不成熟,不应成为一国国内的少数人群体脱离本国的理论依据。     

超长钢板桩围堰合理内支撑施工方案

钢板桩围堰合理的内支撑施工方案对施工安全、工期长短、成本大小均有一定的影响。以阜阳至六安铁路颍河特大桥深水基础超长钢板桩围堰施工实践为例，通过建立钢板桩、内支撑和土层相互作用的三维整体有限元模型，根据封底混凝土施工时机的不同，选择4种施工方案，对超长钢板桩围堰内支撑施工方案进行了探讨。结果表明：封底混凝土施工越早，对围堰结构的整体安全越有利；实际采用的施工方案要根据桥址处工程地质条件，结合实际工程情况，经方案比选和分析论证以后确定。     

如何理解和解释世界？

"世界"一词尽管在词典中有多层含义,但现代世界观不可避免地支配着人们对世界的理解。现代世界概念把世界看作外在的客观实在,并以认识和控制世界为目标,这不仅面临着无法解决的认识论问题,而且还会招致各种伦理道德问题。但在古代汉语和西语中,"世界"的基本含义都是指涉人的某种特殊的生存状态或生存境况。实际上,不仅天堂、地狱等概念,而且现代世界概念,都是从原初世界概念的基本含义中派生和蜕变出来的。对世界的理解和解释必须从其原初的基本含义出发,并且必须是生存论的。     

Optimal control strategies for dividend payments and capital injections in compound Markov binomial risk model with penalties for deficits

We consider the compound Markov binomial risk model. The company controls the amount of dividends paid to the shareholders as well as the capital injections in order to maximize the cumulative expected discounted dividends minus the discounted capital injections and the discounted penalties for deficits prior to ruin. We show that the optimal value function is the unique solution of an HJB equation, and the optimal control strategy is a two-barriers strategy given the current state of the Markov chain. We obtain some properties of the optimal strategy and the optimal condition for ruining the company. We offer a high-efficiency algorithm for obtaining the optimal strategy and the optimal value function. In addition, we also discuss the optimal control problem under a restriction of bounded dividend rates. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the algorithm and the impact of the penalties.     

论公务员职业道德建设的法制化路径

改革开放以来，我国公务员面临着来自新的复杂环境和新的工作要求所带来的多方面挑战。近几年，公务员职业道德方面的问题日益凸显，形式主义、官僚主义等问题突出，弄虚作假、贪污腐败之风盛行。这些问题严重影响了民生与安定，阻碍了民主政治建设的进程。而将公务员职业道德建设法制化，利用法与道德的相互关系，通过国家强制力与配套机构来保障法律实施，对于我国公务员职业道德建设会是成效显著而意义非凡的。     

Situated Interpretations of Nationalism,Imperialism, and Cosmopolitanism: Revisiting the Writings of Liang in the Encounter Between Worlds

The idea of the nation has been considered to have delivered political modernity from its native Europe to the rest of the world. The same applies, though more implicitly, to those paradoxes inherent to the nationalist ideology – that between universalism and national particularity and that between liberal nationalism and imperialism. This article seeks to complicate these theses by looking at the interpretations of nationalism, imperialism, and cosmopolitanism provided by Liang Qichao, one of the most influential Chinese intellectuals in early twentieth century, during his exile in Japan when increasingly exposed to the encounter between worlds. This reading also engages with the wider debates on modernity/modernities in non-Western societies through showing that neither the “consumers of modernity” approach nor the “creative adaptations” approach can be easily applied here. I argue that the various tensions, contingencies and historical situatedness in Liang's accounts of the nation-state structure represent and constitute the paradox of the structure itself. They also shed light on contemporary debates about the limits of our political imagination in the misnamed “global politics” beyond the false opposition between nationalism and cosmopolitanism.