Structural Pluralism and Life Expectancy in Less-Developed Countries: The Role of Women's Status

This study replicates a previous finding forthe U.S. counties that showed a strongassociation, net of controls between``structural pluralism' and lower mortality. ``Structural pluralism' refers to a community'scapacity for political competition, and is acore element of ``democracy.' Pluralism hasthis effect because it facilitates theacquisition of appropriate medical facilitiesand because it tends to optimize the biologicalfunctioning of the residents. Working from amajor component of pluralism, minorityparticipation, this hypothesis is tested byshowing that women's status in less developedcountries improves life expectancy net ofcontrols. A path analysis demonstrates thatthe structural dimensions work through healthorganization as an intervening variable, andthe future testing of biological optimizationis outlined. Location in Africa south of theSahara is a partially unexplained controlvariable that has a powerful negative impact. Interpreting women's status as a component ofpluralism explains why it predicts increasedlife expectancy for all citizens, not justwomen. It is a global dimension that affectsall the members of a community.     

“同伴教育”方法在大学生生殖健康教育中的本土化应用——以广州大学为例

同伴教育方法在大学生开展生殖健康教育中的本土化应用非常必要。在设计了本土化教案后,将所有参加实验的学生以班为单位分成对照组、通用教案组、本土化教案组,三组之间进行比较,认为：（1）对照组和通用教案组、本土教案组在性态度、观念、艾滋病常识、行为意向方面有显著差异,证明同伴教育对大学生生殖健康教育行之有效;（2）通用教案组和本土化教案组在学生的态度、观念、知识等方面的效果没有显著差异,但在行为意向方面,本土化教案效果显著优于通用教案。说明本土化设计更有利于对学生的行为指引,在应用同伴教育这一外来方法时,应该结合本地具体情况做必要的修改。     

著作权强制许可制度的国际法探究及当代启示

国内学界探讨著作权强制许可制度多从其设立的必要性和建构的可行性入手,脱离了著作权强制许可制度的历史背景,其立论亦难免有所牵强.从《伯尔尼公约》斯德哥尔摩文本、巴黎文本以及随后的《世界版权公约》和《录音制品公约》对著作权强制许可具体实施规则和程序的修订可以看出,著作权强制许可适用越来越严格已成为主要趋势,其背后反映了国际著作权法日益加强著作权人利益保护的现实.同时,从著作权私法属性出发,不宜盲目设立著作权强制许可制度,而应先有效挖掘我国现有著作权的限制与例外制度.     

试析多媒体教学中存在的若干问题

通过对多媒体教学中普遍存在的问题的探讨 ,重点阐述了传统教育技术和现代教育技术的关系、多媒体教学软件的教学设计、教学软件库的建设、教育技术培训及多媒体教学管理等问题     

Coffee intake,health-related quality of life,and associated factors of overactive bladder in older Korean women living in rural South Korea

ABSTRACT

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common health problem in older women. The aim of the study was to investigate coffee consumption, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and associated factors of OAB in older Korean women living in rural South Korea. A total of 248 women aged 65 years and older participated in this study. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and multivariable logistic regressions were performed. The means of coffee consumption between OAB and non-OAB groups were not significantly different. Women with OAB showed significantly lower HRQOL than women with stress urinary incontinence only. OAB was associated with high body mass index and poor health status.     

First‐order bias correction for fractionally integrated time series

Most of the long memory estimators for stationary fractionally integrated time series models are known to experience non‐negligible bias in small and finite samples. Simple moment estimators are also vulnerable to such bias, but can easily be corrected. In this article, the authors propose bias reduction methods for a lag‐one sample autocorrelation‐based moment estimator. In order to reduce the bias of the moment estimator, the authors explicitly obtain the exact bias of lag‐one sample autocorrelation up to the order n⁻¹. An example where the exact first‐order bias can be noticeably more accurate than its asymptotic counterpart, even for large samples, is presented. The authors show via a simulation study that the proposed methods are promising and effective in reducing the bias of the moment estimator with minimal variance inflation. The proposed methods are applied to the northern hemisphere data. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 476–493; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

Catastrophe Risk Models for Evaluating Disaster Risk Reduction Investments in Developing Countries

Major natural disasters in recent years have had high human and economic costs, and triggered record high postdisaster relief from governments and international donors. Given the current economic situation worldwide, selecting the most effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures is critical. This is especially the case for low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have suffered disproportionally more economic and human losses from disasters. This article discusses a methodology that makes use of advanced probabilistic catastrophe models to estimate benefits of DRR measures. We apply such newly developed models to generate estimates for hurricane risk on residential structures on the island of St. Lucia, and earthquake risk on residential structures in Istanbul, Turkey, as two illustrative case studies. The costs and economic benefits for selected risk reduction measures are estimated taking account of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. We conclude by emphasizing the advantages and challenges of catastrophe model‐based cost‐benefit analyses for DRR in developing countries.     

英语电影对白的语调功能初探——以“The Sound of Music”（《音乐之声》）为例

本文以电影＂The Sound of Music＂（《音乐之声》）对白为例,从语义和语用角度对英语语调所蕴含的各种意义加以探讨。     

Improved deviance goodness of fit statistics for a gamma regression model

A gamma regression model with an exponential link function for the means Is considered. Moment properties of the deviance statistics based on maximum likelihood and weighted least squares fits are used to define modified deviance statistics which provide alternative global goodness of fit tests. The null distribution properties of the deviances and modified deviances are compared with those of the approximating chi-square distribution and It is shown that the use of the modified deviances gives much better control over the significance levels of the tests.