Neighborhood change within the Canadian ethnic mosaic, 1986–1991

This paper examines the neighborhoodpatterns in three major Canadian metropolitan areasbetween 1986 and 1991. Data are obtained from 1986 and1991 profile census files and two Special Tabulationsof 1986 and 1991 Canadian census. The data indicatethat the first pathway of neighborhood change is thediversification that takes place among charter-onlyneighborhoods with the introduction of a sizableEuropean presence, followed by Asians and then blacks. The second pathway featuring racial uniformityprimarily takes place in multi-ethnic neighborhoodscontaining one or more visible minority groups. Multivariate analysis suggests that the increase inracial and ethnic diversity in neighborhoods isrelated to the efforts of visible minorities,especially Asians, seeking out neighborhoods withEuropeans.     

大数据视域下义务教育师资均衡配置的创新逻辑

义务教育师资均衡配置是义务教育均衡发展的重要组成部分。由于层级式配置过程限制多、支撑决策的数据体系科学性部分缺失等原因，目前的师资配置存在配置政策难以精准定位、行政管理措施难以产生实效、师资供求分析难以科学化进行、精准决策的系统化数据缺乏、发展趋势的预测能力较弱等问题。究其根本，是因为新时代下的师资配置数据发生了量变与质变，即师资供求数据变成了师资供求大数据，现有配置中用来支持决策的数据体系不完善以及决策者思维有局限使得现有配置出现了困境。为突破现有困境，促进义务教育师资均衡配置，以义务教育师资均衡配置的新内涵为研究方向，以大数据研究思维和技术支持为研究基础，厘清了义务教育师资均衡配置体系中的大数据源及其数据分布脉络，构建了大数据视域下义务教育师资均衡配置的创新逻辑体系。     

“互联网+教育”背景下教师知识权威的时代转向

随着"互联网+教育"时代的来临，"知识垄断地位的丧失"正在稀释教师知识权威的滋养沃土，"知识话语权的受限"正在淡化教师知识权威的核心指征，"学生信任感的减弱"也在消解对教师知识权威的外在认同。面对这些挑战，教师知识权威不得不进行时代转向，即外部舆论空间由知识垄断转向平等对话，权威特征由绝对意义转向相对意义，知识构成由注重显性知识转向兼顾"缄默知识"，权威塑造的方式由单一控制转向多方重塑。     

马克思关于人的社会性本质理论的原本认识——兼联系马克思关于人的类本质的理论

马克思在科学认识人的类本质的基础上,从现实的、感性的实践活动和社会关系出发科学地揭示了人的社会性本质。人的社会性本质和类本质一起构成人的统一本质。人的社会性本质的发展和类本质的发展一起构成人的发展。     

An Unfinished Reflexive Journey: Social Work Students' Reflection on their Placement Experiences

The fieldwork placement is recognized as one of the major componentsof social work education and a major determinant of its quality.A key aspect of the learning process in the fieldwork placementis the exposition of practice encounters to the students’critical reflection. Given the importance of the process of‘reflection’ or ‘reflective learning’,a qualitative study based on the reflective logs of social workstudents was conducted to explore the meaning of social workfield education and the learning experiences of social workstudents during their placement. The study findings revealedthat disturbing events experienced by students in their fieldworkwere a catalyst to their reflective process. Meanwhile, theirundue concern with knowledge and skills application within acircumscribed knowledge frame suggests the dominant influenceof scientism and competence-based practice in social work, inwhich learning outcomes and instrumental and technical reasoningare highly emphasized. Discovery of ‘self’ was alsothe major premise in the students’ reflection logs, inwhich a majority of them took their prevailing self-identityas a constant state to be verified in interaction with othersin the fieldwork placement. Reflexivity is manifested in askingfundamental questions about assumptions generated by formaland practice theories; it addresses the multiple interrelationsbetween power and knowledge, and acknowledges the inclusionof self in the process of knowledge creation in social workpractice. Its realization in social work education requiresthe social work educators’ reflexive examination of thedynamics that influence the construction of curriculum, whichin turn construct our prospective social workers.     

Forecasting the Penetration of a New Product—A Bayesian Approach

We adopt a Bayesian approach to forecast the penetration of a new product into a market. We incorporate prior information from an existing product and/or management judgments into the data analysis. The penetration curve is assumed to be a nondecreasing function of time and may be under shape constraints. Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods are proposed and used to compute the Bayesian forecasts. An example on forecasting the penetration of color television using the information from black-and-white television is provided. The models considered can also be used to address the general bioassay and reliability stress-testing problems.     

Modified Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Test and Power Against Strong Null

The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney (WMW) test is a popular rank-based two-sample testing procedure for the strong null hypothesis that the two samples come from the same distribution. A modified WMW test, the Fligner–Policello (FP) test, has been proposed for comparing the medians of two populations. A fact that may be under-appreciated among some practitioners is that the FP test can also be used to test the strong null like the WMW. In this article, we compare the power of the WMW and FP tests for testing the strong null. Our results show that neither test is uniformly better than the other and that there can be substantial differences in power between the two choices. We propose a new, modified WMW test that combines the WMW and FP tests. Monte Carlo studies show that the combined test has good power compared to either the WMW and FP test. We provide a fast implementation of the proposed test in an open-source software. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

The plan of enrichment designs for dealing with high placebo response

To deal with high placebo response in clinical trials for psychiatric and other diseases, different enrichment designs, such as the sequential parallel design, two‐way enriched design, and sequential enriched design, have been proposed and implemented recently. Depending on the historical trial information and the trial sponsors' resources, detailed design elements are needed for determining which design to adopt. To assist in making more suitable decisions, we perform evaluations for selecting required design elements in terms of power optimization and sample size planning. We also discuss the implementation of the interim analysis related to its applicability.     

On a mixture vector autoregressive model

The authors show how to extend univariate mixture autoregressive models to a multivariate time series context. Similar to the univariate case, the multivariate model consists of a mixture of stationary or nonstationary autoregressive components. The authors give the first and second order stationarity conditions for a multivariate case up to order 2. They also derive the second order stationarity condition for the univariate mixture model up to arbitrary order. They describe an EM algorithm for estimation, as well as a diagnostic checking procedure. They study the performance of their method via simulations and include a real application.     

Feasibility of a Telephone Follow-Up on Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills in a College Health Center

Abstract

The authors examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a telephone follow-up procedure on use of emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) at a college health center. They made 264 telephone calls to the 97 women who had received ECPs during one 16-week academic semester and were successful in reaching 65 (67%) of the women, who responded with information about their experiences with ECPs. The women demonstrated a high rate of adherence to the medical regimen and reported very few side effects from ECPs; a majority said that ECPs did not affect their ability to carry out daily activities. On weighing the relative absence of problems following ECP distribution against the time, effort, and cost required to reach just over two thirds of the women, the researchers concluded that an ECP telephone follow-up procedure was neither cost-effective nor particularly useful.