行政参与中的激励机制探析——以城市治理中参加人的利益平衡为视角

作为现代开放式行政的重要手段之一,行政参与不仅已经广泛应用于各级政府的工作实践,而且也在我国的立法中得到了逐步确认。然而当前在不同的行政领域中还存在着参与充分和参与不足并存的现象。仅就后者而言,其产生的原因主要是环境、卫生、社区治理等行政领域与参加人的直接利害关系相对较弱,参加人在付出了参与成本之后难以得到直接回报。为改变这一现状,有必要通过行政法律规范为参加人设计合理的激励机制,提高参加人的选择性收益,从而吸引其积极、健康地参与其中。     

大学生对高等教育领域象征性秩序的认知研究

对大学生的调查发现,部分大学生的自我认识、入学选择、就读状态以及就业观念均与现行高等教育制度内容明显背离,形成了对现行高等教育制度的严重冲击和影响,而这一切皆源于高等教育领域中存在的象征性秩序。象征性秩序已经制约和影响了当今高等教育领域的多个运作环节。对此,有关部门应树立全局观念,在加强指导和宣传工作的同时,督促高等教育机构形成正确认识,帮助大学生抵制象征性秩序的影响,实现高等教育事业的健康发展。     

A joint modelling approach for clustered recurrent events and death events

In dental implant research studies, events such as implant complications including pain or infection may be observed recurrently before failure events, i.e. the death of implants. It is natural to assume that recurrent events and failure events are correlated to each other, since they happen on the same implant (subject) and complication times have strong effects on the implant survival time. On the other hand, each patient may have more than one implant. Therefore these recurrent events or failure events are clustered since implant complication times or failure times within the same patient (cluster) are likely to be correlated. The overall implant survival times and recurrent complication times are both interesting to us. In this paper, a joint modelling approach is proposed for modelling complication events and dental implant survival times simultaneously. The proposed method uses a frailty process to model the correlation within cluster and the correlation within subjects. We use Bayesian methods to obtain estimates of the parameters. Performance of the joint models are shown via simulation studies and data analysis.     

Reporting cumulative proportion of subjects with an adverse event based on data from multiple studies

Experience has shown us that when data are pooled from multiple studies to create an integrated summary, an analysis based on naïvely‐pooled data is vulnerable to the mischief of Simpson's Paradox. Using the proportions of patients with a target adverse event (AE) as an example, we demonstrate the Paradox's effect on both the comparison and the estimation of the proportions. While meta analytic approaches have been recommended and increasingly used for comparing safety data between treatments, reporting proportions of subjects experiencing a target AE based on data from multiple studies has received little attention. In this paper, we suggest two possible approaches to report these cumulative proportions. In addition, we urge that regulatory guidelines on reporting such proportions be established so that risks can be communicated in a scientifically defensible and balanced manner. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multiplicative-interaction logit models for i×j×2 three-way tables

Multiplicative-interaction (M-I) logit models are proposed for three-way IxJx2 contingency tables where the third variable constitutes a binary response. Models are derived by assigning unknown scores to the categories and forming product interactions from them. Asymptotic results under special sampling constraints are derived for maximum likelihood estimates and the goodness-of-fit statistics. The class of models proposed in this paper are found to be useful when no obvious scores are available. An example is included.     

Pseudo maximum likelihood estimation for the dirichlet-multinomial distribution

Pseudo maximum likelihood estimation (PML) for the Dirich-let-multinomial distribution is proposed and examined in this pa-per. The procedure is compared to that based on moments (MM) for its asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE) relative to the maximum likelihood estimate (ML). It is found that PML, requiring much less computational effort than ML and possessing considerably higher ARE than MM, constitutes a good compromise between ML and MM. PML is also found to have very high ARE when an estimate for the scale parameter in the Dirichlet-multinomial distribution is all that is needed.     

高校校园文化品牌建设培育机制研究

高校校园文化品牌是校园文化长期建设过程中形成的有影响力的活动项目,体现了高校校园文化的历史、氛围与精神,培育文化品牌是高校校园文化建设过程中常抓不懈的工作,为学生搭建了良好的交流、展示平台.文章阐述了高校校园文化品牌建设的必要性,分析了高校校园文化品牌建设现状和现今校园文化品牌建设的四个误区.并从宏观、中观、微观三个层面,结合管理者、运行者与参与者三个维度,探讨了高校校园文化品牌建设的培育机制.     

Selection bias for treatments with positive Phase 2 results

In drug development, treatments are most often selected at Phase 2 for further development when an initial trial of a new treatment produces a result that is considered positive. This selection due to a positive result means, however, that an estimator of the treatment effect, which does not take account of the selection is likely to over‐estimate the true treatment effect (ie, will be biased). This bias can be large and researchers may face a disappointingly lower estimated treatment effect in further trials. In this paper, we review a number of methods that have been proposed to correct for this bias and introduce three new methods. We present results from applying the various methods to two examples and consider extensions of the examples. We assess the methods with respect to bias of estimation of the treatment effect and compare the probabilities that a bias‐corrected treatment effect estimate will exceed a decision threshold. Following previous work, we also compare average power for the situation where a Phase 3 trial is launched given that the bias‐corrected observed Phase 2 treatment effect exceeds a launch threshold. Finally, we discuss our findings and potential application of the bias correction methods.     

Social Relays of China’s Power Projection? Overseas Chinese Collective Actions for Security in France

Once known as a silent and even a model minority, hardworking and keeping a low profile, the Chinese community in Paris, one of the largest Chinese diasporic population in Europe, has organized several massive demonstrations since 2010 to demand police protection amid mounting security concerns. Based on qualitative methods combining ethnographic research, media analysis, observation of the collective actions, and interviews of key actors involved, this article analyses the evolution of these mobilizations and their aftermath, on a span of eight years from June 2010 to July 2018, aiming to comprehend the role of China’s influence diplomacy in regard to the actions of overseas Chinese for security. There hasn’t been any study on the role that overseas Chinese might play in China’s foreign policy towards Europe.     

理性官僚制与三重转型时期我国行政组织模式的重塑

理性官僚制已为实践所证明是工业社会的理想组织模式。从整体上看,现阶段乃至今后相当长时期内我国将处于市场经济体制下的工业社会。但在行政组织模式上,我国至今尚未建立起理性官僚制。因此,重塑理性官僚制就成为三重转型时期我国的现实选择。