Reconstitution of Sociotechnical Arrangements: Agency and the Design of Artifacts

ABSTRACT

This article regards artifacts as sociotechnical arrangements. Likewise, it views the concept of agency—traditionally defined as a human capacity for having needs and preferences and for seeing possible actions—as not independent of sociotechnical arrangements, but rather emerging from and potentially transforming those arrangements. In other words, the design of an artifact is actually the design of a sociotechnical arrangement, from which emerges new agency. We support this view with our fieldwork in the areas of open data, integrated learning, and local currency.     

Differential Susceptibility to Parenting in Adolescent Girls: Moderation by Neural Sensitivity to Social Cues

This research examined whether heightened neural activation to social cues confers adjustment advantages in supportive social contexts but adjustment disadvantages in stressful social contexts. Forty‐five adolescent girls were exposed to social exclusion during an fMRI scan and reported on parent–child relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Stressful parent–child relationships predicted subsequent depressive symptoms in girls with high and moderate but not low dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula activation during exclusion. In the context of supportive parent–child relationships, however, neural activation to exclusion predicted particularly low levels of depressive symptoms. This support for a biological sensitivity to context model suggests the possibility of redirecting adolescent girls’ neural sensitivity to social cues toward more positive adaptation.     

新中国60年学术期刊事业回眸

回顾60年来我国学术期刊事业的发展的历史及其规律,主要表现为:第一,我国学术期刊的源流包括解放前中国科学界、知识界办的学术期刊;解放前我们党创办的学术期刊;解放初新办学术期刊;解放后恢复的学术期刊;改革开放30年后创办的学术期刊;第二,新中国成立后,中央政府高度重视学术期刊事业,我国的学术出版事业得到迅速恢复和发展;第三,特殊时期党和政府也没有放弃对学术期刊领导;第四,改革开放后,中央政府就学术期刊出版出台了一系列适时的、与国际社会接轨的法规文件,极大地促进了我国学术期刊事业的繁荣与发展。     

试论“故误字(符)”现象及其校对原则

在当前的广告词和商标中,以及日渐流行的网络语言中,出现了一些故意更改成语或惯用语中个别字词的“故误”现象,网络语言中的此类现象还不仅限于成语和惯用语。这些语言文字现象给校对工作提出了新的问题,也势必会生发出一些新的校对原则。这正是本文要讨论的问题。     

Asylum Provision: A Review of Economic Theories

In recent years, economic theories have been used to examine asylum provision by non‐persecutor countries. Unfortunately, the nature of the analyses makes the results inaccessible to many who are interested in understanding the topic from multidisciplinary perspectives but are unfamiliar with mathematical methods in economics. We communicate the findings of those analyses in a non‐mathematical fashion, thereby contributing to a facilitation of interdisciplinary research on asylum policy.     

Extinction risk assessment of declining wild populations: The case of the southern Bluefin Tuna

We estimate the extinction probability of a large and decreasing population, the southern bluefin tuna. This tuna was listed as critically endangered by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) in 1996. However, the absolute population size is still large and the extinction probability within the next half century is negligible if the recent population decline rate does not increase in the future. IUCN’s criterion with respect to the population decline rate should be linked to the absolute population size, if this is estimated. Several methods estimating the probability of extinction conclude that the southern bluefin tuna population will be below 500 mature individuals within the next 100 years and may be listed as vulnerable. These analyses suggest that extinction risk assessment is useful for management action for taxa that still have large population and are rapidly decreasing.     

彝族社会文化小辑

彝族是一个缺少文字史料记载的民族。目前,彝族文学创作仍主要是口头流传的民间文学形态,其民间文学作品中大量的史诗、歌谣和尔比是了解彝族社会和文化的主要途径。     

学术期刊审稿理念及中西比较

学术期刊同行审稿制度产生260年来,人们尤其西方学者对其进行了广泛的研究、关注和强调。"同行审稿"制度实行以来,取得了巨大的成功,其中的代表性实例像《科学》、《自然》,等等。与之相应的是中国的"三审制",三审制是学术期刊审稿的主流制度,后者是一种主要在机构内部运作、计划色彩浓郁的审稿制度。通过中西方学者对审稿理念的理解比较,可以发现:西方学者100%持同行审稿观点,中国持此理念的仅占33%。在中国,主流工具书缺乏对审稿概念和研究成果的关注;自然科学界比社会科学界更加关注、重视审稿问题,社会科学界研究者则相对稀少;中国的同行审稿论者几乎都是自然科学工作者;尽管如此,中国的同行审稿论者呈增加趋势。同行审稿是一种开放型的审稿制度,因此,应当积极借鉴和采纳西方普遍采用的同行审稿制度,改进目前的审稿制度。     

微分中值定理的再推广

本文绘出微分中值定理的一个推广．所见资料中的微分中值定理及高阶微分中值定理均为本文结果的特例．