A graphical model of disruptive selection on offspring size and a possible case of speciation in freshwater gobies characterized by egg-size difference

Summary The graphical technique devised bySmith andFretwell (1974) to construct a model of the optimal offspring size was applied to the case where disruptive selection might work on offspring size. On this basis, a possible case of speciation in freshwater gobies characterized by egg-size difference was discussed.     

A statistical test for the hypothesis of Gaussian random function

A Gaussian random function is a functional version of the normal distribution. This paper proposes a statistical hypothesis test to test whether or not a random function is a Gaussian random function. A parameter that is equal to 0 under Gaussian random function is considered, and its unbiased estimator is given. The asymptotic distribution of the estimator is studied, which is used for constructing a test statistic and discussing its asymptotic power. The performance of the proposed test is investigated through several numerical simulations. An illustrative example is also presented.     

日本公司法上的营业转让与股东保护—对判例／学说的再评析

日本在2005年对公司法进行了大幅度的修订,营业转让也被改称为事业转让。关于未经股东大会决议的营业转让的效力,存在着绝对无效说与相对无效说,但还是应采相对无效说为宜。关于怎样的营业转让构成需股东大会特别决议的营业转让,存在着判例／多数说、少数说及有力说三种学说,但如在营业转让的时点对辕让是否为营业转让进行客观的判断,判例,多数说与有力说的差别其实就很小。至于何为营业的重要部分,则应从量与质两方面进行综合地判断。除此之外,本文还对特殊情形下的营业转让与股东大会决议之间的关系、营业转让中劳动关系的继承、营业转让与反垄断法上的命令之间的关系等问题进行了探讨。     

关于含r对k间隔的组合数

ｆｒｋ记（ｎ，ｍ）为从排列在一直线上的ｎ个元素中选取ｍ个元素且恰含ｒ对ｋ间隔元素的选取方式数．ｇｒｋ（ｎ，ｍ）为从排列在圆周上的ｎ个元素中选取ｍ个元素且恰含ｒ对ｋ间隔元素的选取方式数，给出了ｆｒｋ（ｎ，ｍ）及ｇｒｋ（ｎ，ｍ）的递归关系式和卷积形式表达式，在ｋ＝０时得到ｆｒ０（ｎ，ｍ）与ｇｒ０（ｎ，ｍ）的显式．     

The impact of alternative development strategies: Simulations with a dynamic input-output model

This paper analyzes the implications of two different development strategies: outward-looking strategy led by manufacturing exports and inward-looking strategy focused on import substitution strategy. Our approach is to do counterfactual experiments with a dynamic input-output model in order to explore the impact of the different strategy on economic performance. We apply the model to two different countries (Turkey and Korea), which exemplify the two strategies, and explore the impact in each case of a switching strategy. We impose an export-led strategy on Turkey and inward-looking strategy on Korea. Our results confirm the view that export-led strategy leads to better economic performance. However, we also find that there are risks associated with this choice. An export-led strategy requires high level of foreign capital inflows in the early phase, to be paid back later as export levels rise. The strategy also requires a high level of factor productivity growth. If export growth is not maintained, the country will be left with a dangerous level of foreign debt. If high productivity growth is not achieved, the growth in factor inputs (particularly investment) required to achieve adequate growth of manufacturing is not sustainable. Finally, our results indicate that the dynamic input-output model provides a good framework for exploring the structural implications of a choice of development strategy.     

The Methods for Approximation of Principal Points for Binary Distributions on the Basis of Submodularity

Principal points for binary distributions are able to be defined based on Flury’s principal points (1990 Flury, B.A. (1990). Principal points. Biometrica 77:33–41.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). However, finding principal points for binary distributions is hard in a straightforward manner. In this article, a method for approximating principal points for binary distributions is proposed by formulating it as an uncapacitated location problem. Moreover, it is shown that the problem of finding principal points can be solved with the aid of submodular functions. It leads to a solution whose value is at least (1 ? 1/e) times the optimal value.     

户主外地生活经历与家庭风险金融资产投资

当前,我国居民家庭存在风险金融市场有限参与的问题,这也是造成我国直接融资占比较低的客观原因。然而,学术界少有文献从户主经历角度分析其对家庭风险金融资产投资决策的影响。基于此,利用CHFS2017年数据,研究了户主的外地生活经历对家庭风险金融资产投资的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,户主有外地生活经历、户主外地生活经历时长增加均显著提升了家庭风险金融市场参与和风险金融资产投资占比。影响机制方面,户主外地生活经历会通过拓宽户主获取经济金融相关信息的渠道、增强家庭的社会互动进而提升家庭风险金融资产投资。异质性分析显示,上述促进作用仅在户主有社会医疗保险、不存在借贷约束的家庭中显著。因此,要积极完善就业政策和人才引进政策,建立健全外来人员的权益保障机制,加快普及社会医疗保险；同时,要大力发展普惠金融,引导居民家庭合理利用信贷工具优化资产配置。