Neighborhood Structure,Social Organization,and Number of Short‐Term Sexual Partnerships

We examine the relationship between neighborhood structural characteristics, social organization, and the sexual partnering practices of adults. Analyses of 1990 census and 1995–1997 survey‐based data on Chicago neighborhoods and adult sexual activity reveal for men a number of neighborhood influences on sexual partnering practices. First, residential stability is negatively associated with having a short‐term sexual partner in the last year. Second, neighborhood social ties are positively associated with short‐term sexual partnering in neighborhoods with low levels of collective efficacy—the combination of cohesion and shared expectations for beneficial action among neighbors—but this effect is substantially reduced as collective efficacy increases. Moreover, neighborhood collective efficacy and social ties mediate the effect of residential stability on sexual partnering practices. Neighborhood characteristics were not associated with short‐term sexual partnering for women.     

我国民办高校的发展现状与思考

目前 ,民办高校正处在一个新的发展时期 ,它的现状如何 ,存在哪些问题 ,面临哪些挑战 ,前景又如何 ,这些都值得我们思考 ,以有利其健康发展     

论"研究性学习"的教师角色期待

"研究性学习"作为一个独具特色的课程领域,首次成为我国基础教育课程体系的有机构成。而一个好的课程构想能否得以实现,很大程度上依赖于教师的角色转换。本文认为,"研究性学习"的有效实施期待着教师成为:课程开发的承担者;学生"研究"的合作者;多元知识的建构者;教育实践的研究者;人际关系的协调者。     

'The Tribunal was the most stressful thing: more stressful than my son's diagnosis or behaviour': the experiences of families who go to the Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal (SENDisT)

It is more than 10 years since the Special Educational Needs Tribunal was established in 1994 as an independent panel which arbitrates in disputes between parents of children with the label special educational needs and Local Education Authorities (LEAs) in England. In 2002 the Tribunal began hearing claims for disability discrimination and was re-named the Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal (SENDisT). Since 1994 over 20,000 appeals have been registered. This article, which forms part of my ongoing Ph.D. thesis 'Parents as advocates: the experience of parents who register an appeal with SENDisT', offers an analysis of parents' Tribunal stories. Here, the key question is what affect the process of going to SENDisT has on the social, emotional and financial well-being of the family. Through a process of narrative inquiry the aim is to foreground parents' unheard stories and to reveal their 'hidden' experiences.     

Partner Choice and the Differential Retreat From Marriage

The contemporary retreat from marriage in the United States has had a differential impact across socioeconomic and racial groups. Here, 1990 marriage rates and propensities for Virginia, North Carolina, and Wisconsin are analyzed regarding (a) the likelihood that persons in different groups ever marry and (b) patterns of partner choice with respect to race and educational level. Marriage remains strong in most race‐education groups but is substantially lower among Blacks and among those with less than 12 years of education. Patterns of partner choice have shifted to show greater symmetry between the educational levels of brides and grooms. Changes have been modest with regard to the level and pattern of interracial (Black‐White) marriage. Marriage is increasingly a union of equals, but a union chosen more by Whites than by Blacks and more by the well educated than by the poorly educated.     

The Division of Household Labor in Germany and Israel

We compare the patterns of household division of labor in Germany and Israel—two countries that share key elements of the corporatist welfare regime but differ in their gender regimes—and evaluate several hypotheses using data from the 2002 International Social Survey Program. Although time constraints and relative resources affect the division of household labor and women’s housework in both societies, we find that in Germany the gender order of household labor is more rigid, whereas in Israel the spouses’ linked labor market status exerts distinctive effects. We also find significant relationships between gender ideology and the division of household labor. We discuss the theoretical advantages of approaching the comparative study of gender inequality from the vantage point of family and gender regimes.     

农业技术进步的几个理论问题探讨

农业技术进步存在着内在的动力机制 ,但农业技术自身的特点和农业技术的应用者——农民知识技能落后、经济贫穷 ,又对其自主推进农业技术进步产生制约。政府和社会只有为农业技术发明和应用创造良好的政策环境 ,提供必要的资金支持 ,才能有效地促进农业技术进步。     

溴化锂水溶液降膜吸收强化技术的实验研究

在吸收式制冷技术中，提高溴化锂水溶液吸收蒸汽效率的手段主要是采用高效传热传质元件和添加表面活性介质。本文主要研究竖直平板流降膜吸收中添加表面活性介质的强化吸收技术。选择一种典型的表面活性介质；2－乙基－己醇，研究在一定实验工况下加入活性介质后不同降膜雷诺数Re、溶液进口温度ts,i、吸收压力、活性介质浓度以及不同降膜长度试件下的吸收强化。