我国劳动者工作时间特征与政策选择

基于权威的统计数据和微观调查数据的分析表明,当前我国劳动者工作时间呈现八大特征:虽然工时制度逐步与世界接轨,但加班现象仍然严重;"长工时低收入"与"短工时高收入"并存;过度劳动伴随工时闲置;男性"长工时"与女性"第二轮班"并存;城乡劳动者工作时间差异大;特大城市劳动者上下班时间长;雇主比雇员工作时间长;假期时间远少于世界平均水平。也就是说,我国劳动者还普遍存在过度劳动的问题,加班现象严重,这也许是"中国奇迹"的密码之一,但也带来了诸多问题,不可持续。为治理过度劳动,实现体面工作时间,应考虑进行如下的一些政策选择:经济发展方式转变是缓解过度劳动的关键;制度设计是缓解过度劳动的基础;适当的差异化设计是缓解过度劳动的手段;基于新技术建立的工时协商机制是缓解过度劳动的途径;政府宏观协助是缓解过度劳动的保障。     

Assessing capacity in the setting of self-neglect: development of a novel screening tool for decision-making capacity

Compared with older adults with disabilities and those who autonomously choose to live in squalor, self-neglect syndrome arises from a predicate state of vulnerability in frail older adults. This state of vulnerability is characteristically associated with a decline in decision-making capacity regarding the ability to care for and protect oneself. We developed the COMP Screen to evaluate vulnerable older adults to identify potential gaps in decision-making capacity using a screening tool. A total of 182 older adults were evaluated and consistent declines in cognitive ability and decision-making processes were present in this population. However, there were no significant differences between elders referred for self-neglect and matched older adults. These findings suggest that declines in decision-making processes are not uncommon in vulnerable older adults but traditional conceptualizations of decision-making capacity may be inadequate for differentiating the capacity for self-care and protection in elders who self-neglect.     

Market Orientation,Ownership Type,and E‐Business Assimilation: Evidence from Chinese Firms

While more and more firms have implemented e‐business in business operations, a better understanding of the factors that successfully drive the assimilation of e‐business will provide insights for firm executives and practitioners to develop effective strategies for e‐business. Different from previous studies that focus on individual‐level factors related to business executives and top management teams, this study examines how firm‐level strategic and cultural factors shape e‐business assimilation. Based on the strategy and marketing literature on market orientation and firm ownership, we developed a research model to describe how a firm's market orientation impacts e‐business assimilation. The model also describes the moderating effect of firm ownership type on the relationship between market orientation and e‐business assimilation. Based on data from 301 Chinese international trade firms, we found that two dimensions of market orientation (i.e., customer orientation, competitor orientation) had significant effects on e‐business assimilation. However, the third dimension, interfunctional coordination, was only partially significant. In addition, ownership type was a significant moderator of the effects of customer orientation and competitor orientation on e‐business assimilation, although ownership type was not a moderator of interfunctional coordination. Being one of the first studies of the impact of market orientation and firm ownership type on e‐business assimilation, we conclude with a discussion of the implications for future research and practice.     

Bicycle ergometry in subacute-stroke survivors: feasibility, safety, and exercise performance

This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and findings from a protocol for exercise-bicycle ergometry in subacute-stroke survivors. Of 117 eligible candidates, 14 could not perform the test and 3 discontinued because of cardiac safety criteria. In the 100 completed tests, peak heart rate was 116 +/- 19.1 beats/min; peak VO(2) was 11.4 +/- 3.7 ml x kg x min(-1), peak METs were 3.3 +/- 0.91, exercise duration was 5.1 +/- 2.84 min, and Borg score was 14 +/- 2.6. Among 71 tests, anaerobic threshold was achieved in 3.0 +/- 1.7 min with a VO(2) of 8.6 +/- 1.7 ml x kg x min(-1). After screening, this protocol is feasible and safe in subacute-stroke survivors with mild to moderate deficits. These stroke survivors have severely limited functional exercise capacity. Research and clinical practice in stroke rehabilitation should incorporate more comprehensive evaluation and treatment of endurance limitations.     

Stochastic matching pursuit for Bayesian variable selection

This article proposes a stochastic version of the matching pursuit algorithm for Bayesian variable selection in linear regression. In the Bayesian formulation, the prior distribution of each regression coefficient is assumed to be a mixture of a point mass at 0 and a normal distribution with zero mean and a large variance. The proposed stochastic matching pursuit algorithm is designed for sampling from the posterior distribution of the coefficients for the purpose of variable selection. The proposed algorithm can be considered a modification of the componentwise Gibbs sampler. In the componentwise Gibbs sampler, the variables are visited by a random or a systematic scan. In the stochastic matching pursuit algorithm, the variables that better align with the current residual vector are given higher probabilities of being visited. The proposed algorithm combines the efficiency of the matching pursuit algorithm and the Bayesian formulation with well defined prior distributions on coefficients. Several simulated examples of small n and large p are used to illustrate the algorithm. These examples show that the algorithm is efficient for screening and selecting variables.     

发现和承担经验的复杂性——论当下汉语诗歌中"民生关怀"的言说方式

近期书写民生关怀的汉语诗歌,在当下历史情境中有不少意识形态内涵可供挖掘。但就诗歌自身的艺术机制而言,不是写作了什么值得重视,而是它的言说方式需要探究。民生关怀的价值在于它发展了一种“新”的言说主体,这种主体对经验的组织和发言,让人们看到了现代性多义、含混的一面,它发现和承担了经验的复杂性,同时也是对写作空间的开放。     

An Empirical Model for Managing Quality in the Electronics Industry

Much of the empirical research in the past two decades has suggested that quality management (QM) is context dependent. This research develops an empirical QM model in a technology‐based sector—electronics manufacturing. Based on quantitative and qualitative investigations of 225 electronics firms in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China, a path analytic model is developed. The empirical model shows that a typical quality management system (QMS) in the electronics industry is composed of four major modules, namely leadership, cultural elements, operational support systems, and process management. These modules create a series of chain effects on organizational performance, rather than acting as parallel elements with an equal impact. By quantifying their effects on organizational performance and comparing the model to others in the literature, we identify those QM constructs that are context dependent. In electronics manufacturing, process management and customer focus are more important than other elements (e.g., cultural factors) for garnering business results. This study contributes to contingency theory and research by identifying the key constructs and their relationships in a competitive, volatile, and technology‐based industry with complex supply networks.     

再议劳动者地位问题:劳动力产权强度的视角

中国经济体制改革三十多年来,劳动力市场化的程度已经大大提高,以市场机制配置劳动力资源的体制已经基本确立。然而与此同时,各种劳资冲突和劳资纠纷问题也日益突出,劳动者、特别是进城农民工在劳资关系的弱势地位问题尤其受到关注。如果说在改革初期劳动者地位可能受制于劳动力产权残缺的状况,那么,当劳动力市场和劳动法律制度逐步成熟和完善时,劳动者地位则主要取于其实现劳动力产权的能力,即其劳动力产权强度。决定劳动力产权强度的因素主要来自三个维度:个人变量、结构变量以及制度变量。劳动者是异质性的,不同劳动者群体在劳动力产权三个维度上的强弱决定了不同的劳资关系类型——雇主管治型、雇主主导型、制度保护型、自我保护型和雇员主导型,以及不同的劳动者地位——完全弱势、弱势、受保护的弱势、受压制的弱势和强势。只有理顺最突出的农民工劳资关系问题,一个均衡和谐、劳资两利的中国劳资关系模式才可能真正建立起来,而且对中国经济可持续发展和平衡国民收入分配格局具有重要意义。     

数字故事地图的历史人文内涵

研究数字故事地图的历史人文内涵,是将纸介故事文本中的民俗要素作资料整合,编制数字故事地图,开展故事民俗和民众精神文化研究的一种途径.数字故事地图建立在故事类型理论基础上,从故事文本中提取故事地名作为主要的制图要素,通过故事节日等相关联民俗要素取得史料联系和历史联系,采用计算机技术,进行故事地名、历史地名、节日地名、今地名等不同类型地名之间的转换,以此整合民间文艺资料.     

渝㈣对重庆市沿线区县的影响

渝怀铁路作为一条典型的扶贫铁路,其绝大部分在重庆区划内。渝怀铁路的建设降低了途经区县的交通成本,从而间接提高了各个区县的客货运量,同时为农村富余劳动力的转移提供了便利条件,并在一定程度上促进了这些地区旅游业的大发展。