从斯特赖克认同理论与特纳角色理论看大学生社会定位

运用斯特赖克的认同理论对我国大学生就业率低下进行成因分析,对高校教育活动的反思体现在两个方面:一是高校所设专业对社会需求弹性不适应;以及对大学生专业认同与心理预期二者在保持大体一致方面存在缺陷;二是对大学生的角色建构存在教育环节上的明显空白,缺少教育环境中的互动过程。     

知识社会与知识管理革命——论德鲁克的知识社会观

在当代西方关于知识经济、知识社会的讨论中,彼得·德鲁克的观点是非常具有代表性和影响力的。他着眼于西方社会历史发展的长时段,以广阔的视角极富洞察力地分析了当代西方社会结构的巨大变迁,提出西方发达国家正在步入一个新的历史时代——后资本主义社会或知识社会。他作为现代管理学之父,还精辟地论述了伴随知识社会的到来而发生的知识管理革命。     

Associations between attitudes towards scientific misconduct and self-reported behavior

We investigate the relationship between doctoral students’ attitudes towards scientific misconduct and their self-reported behavior. 203 questionnaires were distributed to doctoral candidates at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo 2016/2017. The response rate was 74%. The results show a correlation between attitudes towards misconduct and self-reported problematic behaviors among doctoral students in biomedicine. The four most common reported misbehaviors are adding author(s) who did not qualify for authorship (17.9%), collecting more data after seeing that the results were almost statistically significant (11.8%), turning a blind eye to colleagues’ use of flawed data or questionable interpretation of data (11.2%), and reporting an unexpected finding as having been hypothesized from the start (10.5%). We find correlations between scientific misbehavior and the location of undergraduate studies and whether the respondents have had science ethics lectures previously. The study provides evidence for the concurrent validity of the two instruments used to measure attitudes and behavior, i.e. the Kalichman scale and the Research Misbehavior Severity Score (RMSS). Although the direction of causality between attitudes and misbehavior cannot be determined in this study the correlation between the two indicates that it can be important to engender the right attitudes in early career researchers.     

中日美三国教育立法比较研究

我国的教育立法, 目前已形成较为完整的体系, 本文试与经济发达的日、美两国在教育立法形式、教育行政管理体制、教育财政立法、义务教育法、职业教育法等方面作一比较, 以便借鉴国外先进经验, 促进我国经济发展, 推动科教兴国战略的实施     

湖南省1997年卫生总费用影响因素的主成分分析

目的 :为探寻卫生总费用的主要影响因素 ,对湖南省 1 997年筹资来源法测算卫生总费用的影响因素进行了调查和分析。方法 :采用主成分分析法分析数据。结果 :1、1 997年湖南省筹资来源法测算的卫生总费用为 1 ,0 38,877.35万元 ,占国民经济总产值 (GDP)的比例为 3 .47%。2、主成分分析从 76个影响因素中提取了 6个主成分 ,方差累积贡献率为 82 .42 9%。结论 :对卫生总费用产生作用的因素主要有 :国内生产总值、医疗费用和职工、高校在编学生人数、中医事业费和基层医疗机构的基本状况、居民的消费支出和医疗保健支出等     

Potential support ratios: Cohort versus period perspectives

The ‘prospective potential support ratio’ has been proposed by researchers as a measure that accurately quantifies the burden of ageing, by identifying the fraction of a population that has passed a certain measure of longevity, for example, 17?years of life expectancy. Nevertheless, the prospective potential support ratio usually focuses on the current mortality schedule, or period life expectancy. Instead, in this paper we look at the actual mortality experienced by cohorts in a population, using cohort life tables. We analyse differences between the two perspectives using mortality models, historical data, and forecasted data. Cohort life expectancy takes future mortality improvements into account, unlike period life expectancy, leading to a higher prospective potential support ratio. Our results indicate that using cohort instead of period life expectancy returns around 0.5 extra younger people per older person among the analysed countries. We discuss the policy implications implied by our cohort measures.     

Nonparametric Estimation with Nonlinear Budget Sets

Choice models with nonlinear budget sets provide a precise way of accounting for the nonlinear tax structures present in many applications. In this paper we propose a nonparametric approach to estimation of these models. The basic idea is to think of the choice, in our case hours of labor supply, as being a function of the entire budget set. Then we can do nonparametric regression where the variable in the regression is the budget set. We reduce the dimensionality of this problem by exploiting structure implied by utility maximization with piecewise linear convex budget sets. This structure leads to estimators where the number of segments can differ across observations and does not affect accuracy. We give consistency and asymptotic normality results for these estimators. The usefulness of the estimator is demonstrated in an empirical example, where we find it has a large impact on estimated effects of the Swedish tax reform.     

Recognition and judgement in social work

The purpose of this article is to argue for recognition as a normative ideal for social work and to confront the ideal with the reality found in the social institutions. I shall use the concept ‘judgement’ to describe institutional routines and ways of thinking which constitute barriers to recognition. In the first part, I outline the normative ideal and show its relevance for practical social work on the basis of social clients’ experiences of disrespect. In the second, I explain the concept of judgement and criticise the prevailing forms of judgement to be found in social institutions. In my interpretation these pose an obstacle to recognition.     

Battling the Tiger Mother: Pre‐School Reform and Conflicting Norms of Parenthood in Singapore

This article explores pre‐school reform and shifting norms of parenthood in Singapore. Whereas current education reforms in many Western countries focus on improving academic performance, pre‐school reform in Singapore de‐emphasises academic learning and urges parents to adopt ‘relaxed’ parenting practices. Analysing the position of parents in this process, we show, however, that the outcomes of this reform project are highly ambivalent. Reform makers view parents’ mindset as the main obstacle to reform, while parents experience pre‐school reform itself as prompting inconsistent messages. To account for the disorientation that this creates among parents, we draw on Bateson's concept of double bind.     

关于我院体育科学研究跨跃式发展的思考

通过分析截止 2 0 0 0年的国家体育总局 4 90项体育科学技术奖项和 1998- 2 0 0 1年 94项国家体育社会科学课题的研究方向分布 ,寻索体育科学研究的方向和热点、重点所在 ;通过对集美大学体育学院体育科学研究现状的调研 ,归类相关指标与之对照 ,寻找不足之处和弱势中的强项 ;通过对全国同类体院体育科学研究发展规划的调研 ,对集美大学体育学院体育科学研究的基础条件、基本人员、基本队伍的透析 ,提出今后 3- 5年内体育科学研究的主要目标、主要工作和具体措施