就地过年政策可以促进人们择期返乡吗？——基于手机信令大数据的实证分析

2021年1月初,新冠肺炎疫情在我国多地零星散发,各地陆续发出就地过年的倡议。基于手机信令大数据的分析表明,就地过年政策会鼓励人们择期返乡：2021年春节返乡人数仅是2019年同期的45%,清明返乡人数则达到2019年的1.76倍,二者存在替代效应,且返乡地远的人2021年更倾向选择清明返乡。此外,就地过年政策中的现金类激励政策效应显著,其他类政策则不然。因此,可从需求端入手探讨缓解春运压力的可能途径,以及解决我国城镇化过程中体制性问题和矛盾的可能方案。     

新任教师反思能力的培养策略——基于个人生活史视角

教师反思能力主要是指教师个体对自身教育观念及行为的认知、监控、调节能力,是教师从事教育教学工作,提升课堂教学有效性、教育研究能力以及彰显教师主体性的重要能力之一,在新任教师专业成长初期应引起足够的重视。教师生活史是关于教师个体教育生活的历史,具有生成性、广泛性、体验性和缄默性。教师反思能力的形成与教师个人生活史联系紧密,其生活中的学习经历、"重要他人"、关键事件以及实践经验等都作为一种隐性知识影响新任教师反思能力的形成。为了提升新任教师的反思能力、促进其专业发展,新任教师应高度关注个人生活史,关注日常生活世界,以批判的视角审视生活史,走出"熟知陷阱";"回望关键,抓住关键,注重关键事件中的核心要素;重视他人引导,向同事请教,吸取优秀教师特别是教学名师的成长经验;勤于学习,在理论学习与教学实践中养成反思的习惯,不断提升反思能力,增强教学的有效性。     

“家长执照”与家长教育问题审思

中小学总有教育家长的冲动,这种冲动表现在"家长执照""家长学校"等所谓创新上。家庭比学校古老得多,家长过去一直主导着子女的教育,但如今家庭、家长的教育地位前所未有的下降。中小学及其教师教育家长的冲动正是家庭、家长教育地位下降的反映。问题不是不能教育家长,而是谁有资格教育家长。家长教育属于成人教育、非正规教育,只有成人教育机构才有教育家长的资格与能力。对中小学及其教师来说,家庭、家长是与他们处在平行位置的平等教育主体,是合作的对象,不是教育的对象。中小学及其教师从事的是基础教育,不是成人教育,不具备教育家长的资格与能力。越界而教,不但无益,反而有害,包括削弱家长的教育能力,放大学校教育体系的缺陷等。     

战时张家口(晋察冀)新华广播电台的社会动员

社会动员是国家、政党或社会组织等为实现特定目标所进行的社会活动,也是媒体在一定环境、一定历史时期的重要功能。张家口光复后,中国人民解放军接管的张家口(晋察冀)新华广播电台宣告成立并立即开播,开启了中国共产党在战争中城市办广播的新篇章,广播电台在“大家办广播”方针指引下积极动员多方力量,快速发展,丰富了电台的节目类型和广播内容,增强了中国共产党广播的影响力,也成为人民群众的“耳目喉舌”,为新中国党的广播事业发展奠定了基础。     

A formative assessment of gender awareness and ability of staff based on the service programs of the All-China Women's Federation: The case of the “3861 My Home” program

In order to achieve “gender mainstreaming” which is a global strategy to promote the development of women, it has in recent years been a major task for the All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) to improve the gender awareness and ability of policy makers and implementers. Thus, researchers should constantly propose and evaluate various possible attempts to improve gender awareness and the ability of individuals. There are few empirical studies on the assessment of gender awareness and the improvement of the ability of staff who have been trained and educated. Research studies focusing on the promotion of gender-sensitive awareness and ability of staff by participating in programs are even rarer.This study presents a specific case, namely the evaluation of promoting social service workers’ gender awareness and ability within the implementation of the “3861 My Home” program. Based on this case, this study examines how to promote gender awareness and ability of social service workers through the implementation of the service program of Women's Federation, and also assesses the quality of the results of this implementation. Moreover, this study also contributes to the literature pertaining to assessing the development of social service workers’ gender awareness and ability. In addition, the study provides an option for enhancing the gender awareness and ability of social service workers in addition to training: The participatory learning or action pertaining to gender awareness and ability based on the Women's Federation programs are able to effectively improve the gender awareness and ability of staff.     

“拈花惹草”补释

对成语“拈花惹草”，几部常见常用、影响很大的辞书，将其词义释为“指男子乱搞男女关系或狎妓”“比喻(男子)挑逗、勾引异性”。这些释义是有问题的，至少是不够准确的；它与一些典范的作品的用例是不相符的。这样的释义会误导人们对“拈花惹草”的正确运用。“拈花惹草”的词义可补释为：拈，用手指夹、捏取物，引申为“习弄、摆弄、玩弄”；惹，招引、挑逗；花、草，借指异性。比喻挑逗、玩弄异性；今多比喻男子挑逗、勾引、玩弄异性。     

朝鲜汉文学家丁若镛汉诗的民本思想—以批判“三政”歌为中心

朝鲜李朝诗人丁若镛具有强烈的民本思想，主张爱民、养民、治民。在诗歌中，他客观反映了下层人民的悲惨生活，批判了“三政”害民的罪恶，提出了革除弊政、以仁政牧民的措施。这些批判“三政”制度的诗歌集中体现了其广泛、深刻且相对彻底的民本思想，同时也是其现实主义诗歌理论的体现。     

Unthinking the European Higher Education Area – differentiated integration and Bologna's different configurations

Differentiated integration was conceived of as a political methodology and as a technology to achieve a European “union” in the field of knowledge policies. However, the non-achievement with regard to the political goals of the European Higher Education Area has highlighted the limitations of this approach to promote furthering the EHEA. In this paper, unthinking is both a research strategy aiming to question those limits and a pedagogical tactic to question the assumptions about the futures. As a research strategy, articulations between unity and diversity are examined. Based on the analysis of the documents endorsed by the Education Ministers in keeping the pace of the Bologna process, the paper contributes to expand knowledge on the nature of Bologna’s differences and underlines the paradoxes in dealing with those differences. As a pedagogical tactic, unthinking questions the assumptions about the future scenarios sketched for higher education. Alternative ways to further integration are discussed on the basis of the idea of integration of the “differences”, bringing to the centre education as a political concern, as higher education institutions, professors, and students/graduates are those at the core of the political management of the “differences”.     

清初雷州地区的平乱与社会重建

清初顺治、康熙两朝,值改朝换代之际,地处边陲的雷州地区,几十年间处于局势动荡之中.不仅明清两朝军事力量在此展开长期的、势均力敌的搏杀、争夺;一些没有能力承担苛捐杂税、“征粮比饷”的民众被逼上“梁山”;一些不法之徒也乘乱而起,趁火打劫.这些被封建官府统称为“盗”、“贼”、“寇”的团伙,占据山区、海岛,不时四出剽掠,杀害人命,使雷州大地处于满目疮痍之中.在此过程中,清朝廷及地方官府一方面征调军事力量,对雷州各地的“盗贼”进行征剿;另一方面又在军事、行政上做了大量工作:修武备、固边防,禁暴虐、除积弊,招抚流民、垦荒种植,复兴学校教育等等,使被长期动乱摧毁的地方经济逐渐得到恢复、发展.清初雷州地区的动乱至康熙朝才渐被平息,雷州社会的动荡局势才渐趋和平安定,为日后雷州地区经济的发展、文教的昌盛奠定了基础.     

简析汉语委婉语中关于“死亡”的表述

委婉语并非是汉民族语言中独有的文化现象，它在世界各国语言中也有反映，但是汉语中委婉语的数量却远远多于其它民族，特别是关于“死亡”委婉语的表述犹多，这是由汉民族特有的历史和文化底蕴决定的。经过几千年的发展，中华民族有其特有的宗教文化、等级制度、价值观等，这一切都赋予了“死亡”这个字眼以特定的隐晦解释与说法。从几个方面对古代和现代汉语中的“死亡”委婉语进行比较深入的探索和研究，明确认识“死亡”委婉语在不同场合下的说法。