Estimating capability index cpk for processes with asymmetric tolerances

Pearn and Chen (1996) considered the process capability index C_pk, and investigated the statistical properties of its natural estimator under various process conditions. Their investigation, however, was restricted to processes with symmetric tolerances. Recently, Pearn and Chen (1998) considered a generalization of C_pk, referred to as C^? _pk, to cover processes with asymmetric tolerances. They investigated the statistical properties of the natural estimator of C^? _pk, and obtained the exact formulae for the expected value and variance. In this paper, we consider a new estimator of C^? _pk, assuming the knowledge on P(LI > T) = p is available, where 0 > p > 1, which can be obtained from historical information of a stable process. We obtain the exact distribution of the new estimator assuming the process characteristic follows the normal distribution. We show that the new estimator is consistent, asymptotically unbiased, which converges to a mixture of two normal distributions. We also show that by adding suitable correction factors to the new estimator, we may obtain the UMVUE and the MLE of the generalization C^? _pk.     

The interface of the top management team and the board: A dynamic managerial capabilities perspective

Although top management teams use their human capital, social capital, and cognition (i.e., dynamic managerial capabilities) to drive strategic change in their firms, faultlines within these teams may dampen the strategic change that they produce. While boards can enable but also restrict these change efforts, we know little about how precisely a board's monitoring and advice-giving condition the impact of the top management team's dynamic managerial capabilities on strategic change. We clarify how intense monitoring and advice-giving affect strategic change when faultlines between the top management team's and board's dynamic managerial capabilities are more or less salient. We explain that intense monitoring further stifles both the breadth and speed of strategic change that can be accomplished, and that this is more pronounced when the faultlines between the two bodies are strong. Furthermore, we outline that intensive advice-giving can be beneficial in improving the breadth of strategic change, but more so when these faultlines are weak and less so when they are strong. Notably we illuminate that the reverse happens in terms of speed of strategic change: intensive advice-giving can be detrimental engendering a further dampening of strategic change speed which is more pronounced when these faultlines are strong but less when they are weak.     

How dimensions of internationalization shape the MNE's renewal capability: Multidimensional and multilevel considerations

We investigate the theoretical and empirical implications of internationalization as a multidimensional and multilevel construct and its relationship to the renewal capability of the firm. Theoretically, internationalization describes a diverse range of cross-border activities by the multinational enterprise (MNE), and thus carries with it multiple dimensions of depth, breadth, and speed. Empirically, internationalization contains both within- and between-MNE variance, each with potentially different effects on the MNE's renewal capability. Using a unique, longitudinal dataset of 94 MNEs, we find support that each dimension and level of internationalization relates differently to the renewal capability of the MNE. At the within-level, the MNE internationalization breadth is negatively related to the its renewal capability, yet internationalization speed is positively related to renewal. At the between-level, the depth of internationalization is positively related to the MNE's renewal capability. In concert, our results suggest that the effects of internationalization on important outcomes cannot be simplified into general relationships. Rather, attention to the nuances of internationalization, especially as related to the MNE's capabilities, is needed.     

橡胶谷全面对接蓝色跨越战略的若干思考

在分析青岛实施的蓝色跨越战略的基础上,对橡胶谷的发展目标、功能定位、产业选择、能力建设进行重新思考,认为,橡胶谷发展应从推进产业成长、提升我国橡胶产业核心竞争力,促进区域发展、融入地区发展战略的两大职能着手,进行自身发展的战略定位和拟定总体发展思路,全面谋划未来五年的发展目标、重点任务、空间布局和重大项目.     

Skewed zero-bound distributions and process capability indices for upper specifications

A common practical situation in process capability analysis, which is not well developed theoretically, is when the quality characteristic of interest has a skewed distribution with a long tail towards relatively large values and an upper specification limit only exists. In such situations, it is not uncommon that the smallest possible value of the characteristic is 0 and this is also the best value to obtain. Hence a target value 0 is assumed to exist. We investigate a new class of process capability indices for this situation. Two estimators of the proposed index are studied and the asymptotic distributions of these estimators are derived. Furthermore, we suggest a decision procedure useful when drawing conclusions about the capability at a given significance level, based on the estimated indices and their asymptotic distributions. A simulation study is also performed, assuming that the quality characteristic is Weibull-distributed, to investigate the true significance level when the sample size is finite.     

Impact of subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and social capital on MNCs' explorative and exploitative innovation capability

As subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge increases in tacitness, it becomes more difficult for subsidiaries to articulate and for multinational corporations' (MNCs') headquarters to integrate and apply. Herein, dynamic capabilities and social capital theory frame structural and relational social capital as capabilities that improve the productivity of subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared on MNCs' headquarters explorative and exploitative innovation capability. The hypotheses are tested on a data set consisting of survey data collected from 220 senior managers or executives at the headquarters of Taiwan-based MNCs. Interestingly, structural social capital between headquarters and subsidiaries strengthens the negative association between subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and explorative innovation capability; relational social capital attenuates the negative association between subsidiaries' cross-border knowledge tacitness shared and both explorative and exploitative innovation capability. Stated differently, different types of social capital can facilitate (i.e., relational social capital) or impede (i.e., structural social capital) innovation capability when cross-border knowledge tacitness is high. The validity and managerial implications of these findings are explored through interviews with senior managers or executives of MNCs headquarters or subsidiaries. Theoretically, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships between subsidiaries and MNCs' headquarters to understand the association between subsidiaries' resources and MNCs' headquarters innovation capability.     

政府行政方式的战略性选择——加盟WTO与我国行政法治化的紧迫性分析

选择市场经济就必须走行政法治化道路 ,中国加盟WTO是加速市场经济迈向国际化的一种选择 ,这使中国实现行政法治化的任务更加紧迫。为了提高政府的行政能力 ,使中国的未来更具有可持续发展力 ,应把法治行政化作为一项战略性选择 ,实现政府在行政方式上的根本性变革     

基于资源协同的企业能力提升机理研究

将协同学理论应用于企业资源及其能力的研究,通过对哈肯协同学原理的分析及扩展研究,构建资源相互匹配与不匹配时的协同模型,来分析企业各资源要素之间协同状况对其发挥效能程度的影响,以此提出资源要素是企业能力的基础,资源协同是促进企业能力提升的源动力。由探讨可知,资源匹配程度与资源协同稳定点之间存在逻辑关系,阐释了资源效能发挥和企业能力提升之间的关系。     

中国学生英语不定式的二语习得情况研究

英语动词不定式是非谓语动词形式教学的重点和难点之一。本文以动词测试试卷为研究工具,对高中生和大学生(98名)进行了测试,试图观察学生对不定式的习得情况,共收到96份有效答卷。研究表明,大学生对不定式的总体掌握情况优于高中生;学生在习得不定式过程中容易出现过度泛化现象;不定式一些特殊结构特征是习得过程中的难点。     

美与真的追求——济慈美学思想述评

英国１９ 世纪著名浪漫主义诗人济慈的诗作优美动人，闪烁着美和真的光辉，这与诗人“美即是真，真即是美”的美学思想是分不开的。本文主要对散见于济慈书信及其诗作的美学思想作一归纳剖析，以便人们对它有更进一步的了解认识