Beyond continuity? Italian social assistance policies between institutional opportunities and agency

Madama I. Beyond continuity? Italian social assistance policies between institutional opportunities and agency The article addresses recent developments of social assistance policies in Italy with two interpretative aims. The first regards the approval of the long‐awaited framework law in 2000 and deals with the factors that made a path‐shifting national reform possible in a policy sector which had evolved through successive accretions and gradual revisions. The second regards the effectiveness of the reform, providing an assessment of the (scant) achievements subsequent to its adoption. The reform process was investigated through a model that combines factors of historical neo‐institutionalist derivation and agency dynamics, the latter of which is intended to overcome the structuralist bias of purely neo‐institutionalist explanations. The article draws two conclusions. The first concerns the resilience of Italy's backwardness in this policy field. The second, a theoretical consideration, is that if institutions function as constraint generators as well as opportunity generators for actors, agency dynamics are crucial in order to fully understand the timing and specific contents of institutional change.     

挑战与出路:东西方管理智慧整合的方法论探索

未来管理世界的基本特征是不确定性、模糊性、复杂性以及快变性。这一特征给组织管理带来巨大挑战:管理目标制定困难,管理机制设计不完备,管理操作过程难以设计,人的行为无法控制。东西方管理中应对上述挑战的智慧体现了不同的哲学和逻辑思路,二者之间具有互补性,如能有效整合可更好地应对挑战。基于近年来出现的二元型组织研究思路,运用和谐管理理论的基本思想,提出一套系统的方法论来整合东西方已有管理智慧和理论,为未来管理研究与实践提供了应对挑战的新思路。     

THE CONTRIBUTION OF PSYCHOANALYTICAL OBSERVATION IN CHILD PROTECTION ASSESSMENTS

In this paper I describe my role in undertaking child protection assessments for children in my work for a Family Centre managed by a national voluntary child care organisation. I explore how psychoanalytical observation provides additional knowledge informing assessments of risk for children. In an example that I discuss in some detail, I show how observation provides a means for assessing relationships between children and parents which leads to informed recommendations to court. In a second example I show how observation can be linked with a therapeutic approach to generate necessary change in parenting capacity. I conclude that observation is an important and effective training for professionals responsible for protecting children from harm.     

相变的分类及其特征

本文以吉布斯自由能的偏微商作为相变分类的依据，为相变特征指明了理论根据．并给出了示例．     

清代西江下游经济开发对森林变迁的影响

清代时期，西江下游地区人口激增，农业垦殖向山地深入。随着社会发展，生产生活所需的林、果产品日益增加，人们或直接采伐天然林木，或清除原有的天然林来兴造经济林。同时，这一地区的柴炭、造纸和菌类等农村副业亦得到较大发展。这些经济开发活动对当地的森林变迁产生了重要的影响。我们认为，清代西江下游的森林植被，在清初就已经开始有了较大的破坏和减少，以雍正、乾隆、嘉庆和道光4朝为大。鸦片战争后有所减轻，但一直没有中断。就影响因子而言，清代前期以农业垦殖为主，清代中后期以林木业生产和农村副业为主。     

谢赫“六法”的历史演变

南齐谢赫首次提出了“六法”论，成为中国美术史上影响最深远的美学理论之一，但“六法”并非是“万古不移”的。随着时代的发展和绘画艺术的发展、演变，其具体含义也发生了量或质的变化，“六法间”的相互关系也相应发生了显著的变化。中国画的发展、演变和成熟的过程，也就是“六法”的发展、演变和成熟的过程。二者是同步进行的。     

Prompting Depression Treatment Seeking among Smokers: A Comparison of Participants from Six Countries in an Internet Stop Smoking RCT

Websites containing information and advice about health are increasingly common and popular. It is important to understand whether the material these sites contain can positively influence individual behavior, and whether populations differ in their response to that material. Participants in an international web-based stop smoking randomized controlled trial (RCT) were screened for major depression; participants whose history and/or depression symptoms were deemed of concern were offered one of two prompts (Strong and Mild) to seek treatment, depending on depression history. Participants from 3 predominantly English-speaking and 3 predominantly Spanish-speaking countries were analyzed. Individuals given a Strong prompt were more likely to seek treatment for depression than those given a weak prompt (16.6% vs. 10.2% of previously untreated individuals reported seeking treatment), controlling for symptom level and other variables. Country-specific differences were observed, with participants from South Africa and Spain departing from the common pattern of Strong prompt leading to higher likelihood of treatment seeking. Older age and female gender, but not symptom level predicted higher likelihood of seeking treatment following a prompt. The results suggest that information provided by the health websites can promote help seeking in affected individuals.     

Bayesian inferences related to shifting sequences and two-phase regression

The problem of estimating the switch point in a sequence of independent random variables is studied from a Bayesian viewpoint. Theoretical results and numerical examples are given for the normal sequence and two-phase regression.     

关于可供取舍的可能性原则的一个再思考——在哈里·G.法兰克福的自主性理论框架内

法兰克福在关于相容性问题的讨论当中最引人注目的贡献,就是通过法兰克福反例对可供取舍的可能性原则进行的批驳.但是,可供取舍的可能性原则所表达的那种必要性似乎仍然是我们的一个难以消除的直觉.尝试在法兰克福的自主性理论框架内找到一种对可供取舍的可能性原则的解释,或许能够为我们的这个直觉和法兰克福的自主性理论同时提供支持.     

中国农村居民纯收入聚类分析

应用聚类分析法对我国1992—2006年农村居民人均纯收入进行研究,聚类结果将我国各地区农村居民人均纯收入划分为7大类,而地理因素、政策因素、产业结构因素和收入来源差异因素是各类别农民收入水平存在差异性的重要原因。