量子逻辑述评

量子力学已经在众多的领域中有着十分有效的应用,但对它的解释、它的概念基础及哲学涵义等问题,从它产生之日至今,却一直还是理论物理学家及科学哲学家中争论不休的问题.笔者在对量子逻辑的起源和量子逻辑与经典逻辑的关系进行介绍的基础上,提出对量子逻辑研究方向的展望.     

Vague值向Fuzzy值转化公式的定义

提出Vague值向Fuzzy值转化公式的定义,提出若干Vague值向Fuzzy值的转化公式,证明了这些方法均满足Vague值向Fuzzy值的转化公式的定义.     

A Nonstationary Cylinder–Based Model Describing Group Dispersal in a Fragmented Habitat

□ A doubly nonstationary cylinder-based model is built to describe the dispersal of a population from a point source. In this model, each cylinder represents a fraction of the population, i.e., a group. Two contexts are considered: The dispersal can occur in a uniform habitat or in a fragmented habitat described by a conditional Boolean model. After the construction of the models, we investigate their properties: the first and second order moments, the probability that the population vanishes, and the distribution of the spatial extent of the population.     

Making hermeneutics explicit: how QCA supports an insightful dialogue between theory and cases

Typically, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is praised for its hermeneutic dialogue between theory and empirical cases. However, in reporting research with QCA, these hermeneutic processes will usually not be illustrated. This paper aims at showing clear how QCA induces this dialogue between theory and data. As an illustrative example, I use a research situation dealing with a genuine research question of Legislative Studies: the causes of party unity. Using the classical dichotomous and the MV-QCA approach, the paper mainly shows how to deal productively with contradictory theoretical statements and how stepping from simpler to more complex models adds explanation while still making clear further routes to improve insights into the substantive research topic: both theoretically and empirically. Finally, non-observed configuration (‘logical remainders’) will be used to simplify the resulting theory, and its theoretical and empirical plausibility will be evaluated. The whole paper makes explicit how the QCA approach forces researchers to reveal the dialogue between theory and cases – just as it was intended by the inventor of this analytical tool.     

运用数学实验解决棋子颜色问题

通过对棋子颜色问题建模,定义布尔向量运算系统,分析其性质,改进棋子模型.在此基础上定义了布尔向量的运算周期、扩展周期,解决了初始布尔向量为第一类、第二类不动点的情况.运用数学软件统计了布尔向量的周期,循环节,预测Sn中的布尔向量公倍周期和扩展共倍周期.最后讨论了Sn中1周期点的基本情况.     

A note on all-bias designs with applications in spline regression models

If a model is fitted to empirical data, bias can arise from terms which are not incorporated in the model assumptions. As a consequence the commonly used optimality criteria based on the generalized variance of the estimator of the model parameters may not lead to efficient designs for the statistical analysis. In this note some general aspects of all-bias designs are presented, which were introduced in this context by Box and Draper (1959). Using an interesting correspondence between the points of all-bias designs and the knots of quadrature formulas we establish sufficient conditions such that a given design is an all-bias design. The results are illustrated in the special case of spline regression models. In particular our results generalize recent findings of Woods and Lewis (2006).     

模态系统T的Herbrand定理

模态Herbrand定理研究是模态逻辑领域的重要开放问题.不含Barcan公式的模态系统T的Herbrand定理的获得必须完成两个方向的证明工作:首先是证明相对简单的从右到左方向;而对于相对复杂的从左到右方向,则可以通过在加标公式表列系统K的基础上增加特殊规则获得加标公式表列系统T,证明T的可靠性和完全性,并在此基础上完成从左到右方向的证明.同样的方法还可以用来证明模态系统D、K4、s4的Herbrand定理.     

A table of normal integrals

Integrals of functions of the univariate, bivariate, trivariate and multivariate normal densities are given. Both indefinite and definite integrals are included.     

田野八式:人类学的田野研究方法

In anthropological research,meth-odology is very important,especially the methodol-ogy of fieldwork which we discuss in this article—it has become the modern anthropologists’ skill. Re-garding the meth...     

无产阶级专政的三个发展公式透析

无产阶级专政理论从产生起已经历了三个发展公式:一是从"革命形式"的无产阶级专政发展到无产阶级专政的"国家政权"。这是无产阶级专政概念自身的逻辑发展公式,但无产阶级专政的概念存在外在形式上的不完美性和严重的内在逻辑缺陷,通常把社会主义国家的国体确定为无产阶级专政,在理论上根据不足,在实践上有害。二是从无产阶级专政到工农民主专政,再到无产阶级专政。这个公式事实上把小资产阶级即使没有当作首要的"专政对象",也是当作了专政对象的"主体",没有看到无产阶级专政自身的"不断扩大人民性"的发展方向,因而实际上它是在列宁关于无产阶级专政理论的某些误区的基础上形成的不完整的、非正向的发展公式。三是从无产阶级专政到工农民主专政,再到人民民主专政。这个公式最大限度地体现了无产阶级专政的人民性的发展方向,从根本上改变了从工农民主专政过渡到无产阶级专政的理论误区,创造了通过人民民主专政过渡到社会主义、共产主义的崭新道路和方向,是对无产阶级专政理论的重大发展,真正体现了马克思主义与时俱进的特点和品质。