六十华诞百年沧桑——辽宁大学及其前身的历史沿革与对校庆时间的抉择

辽宁大学是1958年由东北财经学院、沈阳师范学院、沈阳俄文专科学校合并而成.该三校的前身是东北商业专科学校、东北教育学院等12所东北的高校与东北人大(东大前身)等4所院校的部分系科或专业.作为辽宁大学沿革史上的重要组成部分东北商业专科学校,是我党建立的第一所专门商科高校,至今已是60华诞;其历史沿革的起点是,1906年清办的营口商业学堂,至今已是百年沧桑.     

平稳，增长，何者更重要？

 依据Lucas（1987）的理论模型，本文探讨了改革前后中国经济波动与经济增长的福利成本，结果发现：改革前的经济波动不是很重要；但从改革后或整个样本区间看，在合意的参数情况下，中国经济额外增长1%的福利收益要小于消除经济波动的福利成本。这意味着宏观经济波动对中国有着重要意义，中国政府应在保持经济增长的同时，更应关注保持经济的平稳性。     

A Note on Exponentially Smoothed Seasonal Differences

Filtering economic time series can be justified if variations within a certain frequency interval are relevant for the problem at hand. It is shown here that exponential smoothing of seasonal differences provides a simple means of damping short oscillations, including seasonal ones.     

Inference on Filtered and Smoothed Probabilities in Markov-Switching Autoregressive Models

ABSTRACT

We derive a statistical theory that provides useful asymptotic approximations to the distributions of the single inferences of filtered and smoothed probabilities, derived from time series characterized by Markov-switching dynamics. We show that the uncertainty in these probabilities diminishes when the states are separated, the variance of the shocks is low, and the time series or the regimes are persistent. As empirical illustrations of our approach, we analyze the U.S. GDP growth rates and the U.S. real interest rates. For both models, we illustrate the usefulness of the confidence intervals when identifying the business cycle phases and the interest rate regimes.     

Undergraduate public relations education in Spain: Endangered species?

The purpose of this article is to analyze the precarious situation concerning undergraduate public relations education in Spain, despite the existence of a Degree in Advertising and Public Relations. In addition to core subjects, which are set by the government and required on all university curricula, the Spanish system allows universities to complete their curriculum with other compulsory and elective courses. Given this freedom, universities have failed to come up with either the specific contents for public relations or for liberal arts, social sciences and business courses that will enable students to enter the profession. In light of the future restructuring of degrees through the Bologna Process, this situation is a serious threat to the continuity of public relations teaching in Spanish universities.     

定位误差的简明计算研究

主要阐述了定位误差的基本概念和分析计算方法，并举例说明其运用.     

美国在巴以和平进程中的角色调整

伊拉克战后的安全问题令布什政府的外交政策备受国内外批评,使得后布什时代的美国政府将解决巴以问题作为突破口,一改往日对巴以问题的冷漠态度,转而主动推动巴以和平进程,采用多重"遏制战略"和"平衡战略"以实现自身角色的调整。然而,由于巴以问题的复杂性和美国全球霸权结构的利己性,布什政府的角色调整对于巴以和平进程具有双重绩效。     

在商务英语教学中培养学生的交际策略能力的研究

采用实验研究法在商务英语教学中培养学生的交际策略能力，通过一个学期的策略训练，得出了以下的结果：（1）实验组学生使用的策略、尤其是所培训的策略（转述策略、近似表达策略、迂回策略和填补策略）明显高过非实验组，证明了实验组在交际策略训练后学生愿意接受或使用更多的交际策略；（2）在商务英语课程教学的课堂中对学生进行交际策略的培训不影响学生的笔试成绩，相反，通过策略培训，实验组学生学习积极性有了很大的提高，学习成绩有了显著的进步和提高；（3）交际策略训练有助于提高学生的交际能力。     

试论高职高专商务英语专业实践教学

目前,高职高专教育在我国有了很大的发展,为社会主义现代化培养了大批人才,尤其为区域经济的发展培养了具有一定技能的专业人才。高职高专教育作为高层次的职业教育对英语教学应有比较高的要求,而商务英语专业作为一个培养英语实际应用型人才的专业,也应符合社会要求,力图在实践教学中有所突破,为企业培养出既懂英语又懂商务的复合型人才。     

The Effect of Support Expectations on Prenatal Attachment: An Evidence-Based Approach for Intervention in an Adolescent Population

This study was designed to determine the significant variables predicting prenatal attachment in an adolescent population. Scientifically supported knowledge of the factors enhancing attachment plays a crucial role in assisting social workers and other health care professionals to accurately assess and intervene to decrease pregnancy risks. Previous prenatal attachment studies demonstrated conflicting findings due to problems from using different theoretical frameworks and research methodologies. In order to ensure consistency, this study infused an attachment theory perspective. Bowlby’s attachment theory, Levitt’s support expectations model, and research from prenatal relationship studies were integrated. The social survey sampled 129 minority status pregnant adolescents attending public school. Measurements included the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and the Support Expectations Index (SEI). Regression analyses revealed that support expectation was a powerful predictor of prenatal attachment with pregnancy planning and less stress adding importantly to explain over 33% of the variance. Support expectation was a greater predictor of prenatal attachment than the actual support available. Findings also supported the construct of prenatal attachment as the initial stage of development of the life cycle. Janis B. Feldman is an Assistant Professor, University, of Texas-Pan American.