房地产抵押制度研究

房地产抵押，是当前我国房地产市场的一个热点。本文试图揭示房地产抵押的主体、客体、特征、方式，以及估价、清偿、再抵押等诸多的法律问题，从不同的角度进行了理论探索，并对如何进一步完善房地产抵押制度提出立法的思考。     

21世纪的美国社会保障:趋势与借鉴

美国社会保障的未来趋势是：预期寿命延长、劳动力数量增长缓慢、退休人数增加、退休年龄不断提前，这些共同加剧了社会保障收支不平衡状况，企业成为社会保障的生力军，社会保障事业出现私有化和私营化苗头。其借鉴意义：重视预期寿命延长对社会保障的压力，及早为延长退休年龄做好准备工作，重新定位企业在社会保障制度中的地位，改善社会保障的管理工作。     

Sampling Strategies for Toxic Air Contaminants

Annual concentrations of toxic air contaminants are of primary concern from the perspective of chronic human exposure assessment and risk analysis. Despite recent advances in air quality monitoring technology, resource and technical constraints often impose limitations on the availability of a sufficient number of ambient concentration measurements for performing environmental risk analysis. Therefore, sample size limitations, representativeness of data, and uncertainties in the estimated annual mean concentration must be examined before performing quantitative risk analysis. In this paper, we discuss several factors that need to be considered in designing field-sampling programs for toxic air contaminants and in verifying compliance with environmental regulations. Specifically, we examine the behavior of SO2, TSP, and CO data as surrogates for toxic air contaminants and as examples of point source, area source, and line source-dominated pollutants, respectively, from the standpoint of sampling design. We demonstrate the use of bootstrap resampling method and normal theory in estimating the annual mean concentration and its 95% confidence bounds from limited sampling data, and illustrate the application of operating characteristic (OC) curves to determine optimum sample size and other sampling strategies. We also outline a statistical procedure, based on a one-sided t-test, that utilizes the sampled concentration data for evaluating whether a sampling site is compliance with relevant ambient guideline concentrations for toxic air contaminants.     

On the asymptotic normality of the L1- and L2-errors in histogram density estimation

The L₁ and L₂-errors of the histogram estimate of a density f from a sample X₁,X₂,…,Xn using a cubic partition are shown to be asymptotically normal without any unnecessary conditions imposed on the density f. The asymptotic variances are shown to depend on f only through the corresponding norm of f. From this follows the asymptotic null distribution of a goodness-of-fit test based on the total variation distance, introduced by Györfi and van der Meulen (1991). This note uses the idea of partial inversion for obtaining characteristic functions of conditional distributions, which goes back at least to Bartlett (1938).     

矩阵非奇异性判定

本文利用矩阵块对角占优的性质,给出矩阵非奇异的一个判定条件     

图式理论、学习策略与大学英语口语教学

本研究采用定量分析的方法,对84名天水师范学院非英语专业的学生的口语水平进行测试。根据图式理论,口语任务分为有关键词及句型提示类和无提示类,并对被试的学习策略使用情况做了调查,结果发现,口语任务有提示与无提示对学生的口语成绩有显著影响,这说明图式理论完全适用于大学英语口语教学。     

中等收入者论

中等收入者指一个国家的中等富裕群体。为确保社会经济健康、协调、持续发展 ,必须努力提高低收入者素质 ,降低转化门槛 ,扩大中等收入者比重。     

敦煌医药文献P．3596若干文字问题考证

敦煌医学卷P.3596,系法人伯希和氏(Pelliot)盗购的敦煌文献之一种,现藏法国巴黎国立图书馆,以伯希和之名编号为P.3596。该卷为一篇古代医方杂抄,原卷存240多行,200余方。马继兴先生在《敦煌医药文献辑校》(江苏古籍出版社1998年10月出版)等整理本中将其拟名为《不知名医方第九种残卷》。由于原卷抄录文字行草不一,正俗兼行,且有不少讹误字,因而原卷校录中较易发生释读差误。20世纪80年代以来出版的几种敦煌医药文献研究专著中,在该卷子的文本释读方面存留的错误较多。为了更准确地传承敦煌医学资料,现专门就该卷子中的文字释读问题展开讨论,根据语言文字基本理论并参以相关文献加以考订。     

奎因整体论意义观分析

整体论意义观是奎因对逻辑经验主义观察意义论的修正。它包括:拒斥语言的博物馆神话;观察句具有相对独立的经验意义;具有经验意义的是整个科学等三方面内容。它的目的在于拒斥先验认识.奎因认为人的知识不存在一种独立于人的实践的基础.证明不是在观念(或字词)与对象之间的关系问题,而是谈话和社会实践的问题。他强调观察句具有相对独立的经验意义,理论是在经验的基础上建构的.但并不是所有理论语言在经验上有自己独立的支点.具有经验意义的单位是整个科学。