试析20世纪60年代美国对以色列的援助

某种意义上说,美国对以色列的援助是美以关系的晴雨表。以色列建国伊始,美国就通过援助拯救了这个新生国家,从而奠定了美以关系的基础。20世纪60年代以前,美国对以色列的援助主要以经济援助为主,军事援助所占比重很小。进入60年代,美国对以援助总量和援助结构均发生明显转变,美以关系开始进入一个新的发展阶段。这一转变是冷战背景下美国对以色列乃至整个中东战略的调整,对中东国际关系的发展产生了深远的影响。     

Children’s Time Use: Labor Divisions and Schooling in Indonesia

Data from the Worker and Iron Status Evaluation are used to examine gendered patterns in children’s time in market and nonmarket work, schooling, and leisure in Indonesia (N= 2,929). Boys spend more time in market work; girls spend more time in nonmarket work. Work responsibilities increase with age as well as gender differentials in children’s time use. By age 18, girls spend nearly 1 more hour per day working and enjoy significantly less leisure time, but the gender gap in schooling is not significant, suggesting that parents and children are committed to both work and schooling. Additionally, Tobit regression results suggest that parents’ education, household income, and rural residency are important predictors of children’s labor and schooling time.     

国外生物学期刊出版概况和特点

以《外国报刊目录》第九版为资料,对生物学期刊的学科分布、国别分布、类别分布、出版频率及出版机构等进行了认真调查,并对其突出的特点进行了简要的描述。     

媒体专业主义的困境与社会秩序的维护——“凯利事件”背后的媒体权威与法律权威

“凯利事件”所引发的英国政府与公共服务广播BBC的对峙 ,导致BBC作为一个机构和一种理念都陷入了严重的生存危机。BBC所引以为豪、并且被大众普遍接受的“中立、客观、独立”的原则在层层盘问、质询之下显示出其脆弱、矛盾的理念基础。本文将借“凯利事件”逐个分析“中立、客观、独立”这些通常不被置疑的媒体专业主义元叙事背后的历史、话语、权力的构建因素 ,解构其普遍主义的神话。本文认为 ,媒体专业主义所规定的原则只是在特定社会历史条件下主导社会机构之间形成的意识形态合意 ,在极端事件的参照中便显示出其本体论合法性的危机。法律的介入使得危机得以暂时平复 ,并且恢复了现存秩序。但它并没有 ,实际上也无法解决现存秩序所依据的合法性理念已经失去普遍性共识这一深层次的危机 ,只是借法律所具有的权威性和更加广泛的社会认同将其搁置起来     

Explaining the causes of poverty in the West Indies: A cross-cultural comparison

Research into attitudes towards the poor and lay explanations for poverty have heen primarily concerned with the structure and determinants of these attitudes and explanations. Whereas a number of variables — education, religion, ethnic group — have been shown to relate to explanations for poverty, there have only been a few cross-cultural studies. This study set out to compare the explanations adolescents gave for poverty in two West Indian islands — the relatively wealthy island of Barbados and the relatively poor island of Dominica. The overall economic development/prosperity of the two islands, and the extent and visibility of economic inequality between the two islands appeared to account for the numerous national differences. These results are discussed in terms of the social, political and historical differences between the two islands.     

Ethical dilemmas in evaluating programs with family court related clients

Two ethical dilemmas are discussed; breaching client confidentiality in order to intervene in the client's illegal behavior, and defining the role of evaluator as expert witness. The evaluation context concerns a combined program development and evaluation project with clients involved in family court proceedings for child abuse or neglect. Different perspectives, approaches, and experiences in resolving each dilemma are reviewed. The conclusion argues that approaches to ethical dilemmas in evaluation projects must go beyond techniques to disguise data, to include an assessment of the values and value commitments connected to the different roles an evaluator must perform.     

Gamesmanship for internal evaluators: Knowing when to “hold 'em” and when to “fold 'em”

This article discusses the ethical conflicts between an internal evaluator's altruistic social reform motivation and an organization's practical survival motivation. The internal evaluator might encounter (a) pressure to downplay negative and emphasize positive findings; (b) reinforcement for nonthreatening, routine evaluation activities; (c) greater interest in making the evaluation unit visible than in using evaluation results; or (d) reduced access to privileged information.     

Quantity and quality in evaluation research: A divergent view

Many researchers in evaluation and related fields are now attempting to synthesize quantitative and qualitative approaches. Certainly such efforts appear to carry great promise. However, there is reason to believe that the subtleties and genuine incompatibilities of these approaches are being overlooked. I illustrate some of these differences and subtleties and their implications for social inquiry.     

Changes in conjugal life in Canada: Is cohabitation progressively replacing marriage?

This article aims first to contrast the trends of marriage and cohabitation across different regions in Canada, and second, to assess whether cohabitation constitutes a new stage in the progression to marriage, or an alternative to marriage altogether. Based on various empirical demographic indicators, the analysis shows profound differences across the country. In Quebec, cohabiting unions are now widely accepted as forming the basis for family life, whereas they still largely constitute a childless prelude to marriage elsewhere in Canada. The authors discuss the role of different religious and cultural backgrounds, and of recent changes in the relationships between men and women, in accounting for the divergent evolution observed.     

建筑材料课的教学

本文从建筑材料课程的特点入手,分析教学实践中发现的问题,提出适合职业学校学生掌握本课程的教学方法,特别强调实际工程案例在教学中的运用。