明朝后妃在皇位继承危机中的作用

在明朝屡次发生的皇位继承危机中,后妃发挥了重要的作用。但少数后妃在皇位继承危机中也起了消极作用,亦对明朝政局产生了负面影响。从总体看,在明朝出现皇位继承危机时,后妃的积极作用还是主要的,这对明朝近三百年统治中,保持较长时间的社会稳定和经济发展,是非常有利的,应予以肯定。明朝后妃之所以能在皇位承继中发挥积极作用,其原因在于高度集权的君主专制和明朝皇帝昏庸腐化者居多的实际状况。     

从《名公书判清明集》看宋代的遗嘱继承

宋代不仅“户绝”有遗嘱继承,而且“非户绝”也同样存在遗嘱继承。《清明集》中记载的大量关于遗嘱继承纠纷的案例,实证了宋代遗嘱继承绝非个别现象,并非局限于“户绝”,而是已成为当时的一种普遍现象。与前代相比,宋代遗嘱继承制度进一步得以完善和规范化,并具有自身的特点,表现在其一直处在不断变化和调整之中,在司法实践中形成了一套行之有效的调解遗嘱继承纠纷的原则和方法。     

宣告死亡中遗嘱继承的地域性问题

宣告死亡和遗嘱继承是关于死亡的两种法律制度。如果法院依法宣告死亡后,失踪人在生存地立下遗嘱,在法院撤消宣告死亡前自然死亡;依据现行法律,二者的法律效果会产生冲突。本文首先界定宣告死亡效力的地域性,然后根据遗嘱的内容分别确定法律效力。     

唐代继承法探析

中华法系被公认为世界五大法系之一 ,中国法制作为中国文化的“驰名商标” ,突出反映了中华民族的基本价值观念 ,是当时社会生活的整体折射。唐代继承法创制了自由民身份继承的政治权利转移模式和财产继承的经济权利转移模式 ,卓有建树地吸纳了前代私法精髓 ,开辟了中国封建社会人性化立法原则的先河 ,对当时的社会进步起到了推动作用 ,并为唐代以后历代王朝法律制度的完善提供了可操作的参照系 ,同时也对东亚国家的法律制度产生了深远影响。本文对唐代继承法的立法原则、构成要素、基本要义和技术措施进行了法理探析 ,展示了唐代继承法的制度细节 ,也提出了其利弊根源 ,旨在加深对中华民族法文化的研究。     

20世纪美国杰出CEO的人际关系艺术——兼论企业危机管理策略

人际关系论是管理学的重要内容,人际关系艺术是危机管理的重要策略。在20世纪的宽泛视野中,以美国杰出CEO卡内基、摩根、洛克菲勒、福特、斯隆、沃森父子、艾柯卡、韦尔奇等为例,考察CEO的人际关系策略,研究人际关系与危机管理的辩证关系。     

中国现代文学中的神秘想象与叙述

有人认为,进入现代文学时期以后,中国古代文学中的鬼魅灵异叙述传统戛然而止,传统神魔玄怪的文学想象绝迹灭踪。但实际情形是:进入现代以后,文学中的神秘想象与叙述虽曾一度受到抑制,但这一传统并未中止,它以更隐蔽的方式存在和承续着,不时在文学作品中显露出丝丝缕缕的印记。     

The role of human and social board capital in driving CSR reporting

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of the professional, technical and relational background (human and social capital) of outside directors on promoting firm CSR disclosure. Following the Hillman et al. (2000) taxonomy of board members, we classify outside directors as business experts, support specialists and community influential, and examine whether business and technical expertise or political ties in the boardroom affect CSR disclosure.This study confirms that not all outside directors are equally effective in improving CSR disclosure and that only certain kinds of outside directors, those classified as support specialists, help promote it. On the other hand, our findings also show that directors with previous experience as politicians affect CSR disclosure negatively, probably due to their interests in safeguarding their reputation within the company, in avoiding public scrutiny and in protecting their political connections. In addition, our set of analysis with interaction effects reveals that powerful CEOs have the incentive to promote CSR-related strategies and to convince business experts and support specialist directors to enhance profitable sustainability strategies and transparency in CSR disclosure. Nevertheless, the powerful CEO effect is not enough to compensate the negative role of political directors on CSR reporting. Therefore, this paper supports the theories in favor of analyzing the multiple configurations of corporate governance mechanisms by adopting a holistic approach, and the need to combine these configurations in order to analyze their impact on CSR behavior.     

The role of leadership in shared value creation from the public’s perspective: A multi-continental study

Porter and Kramer’s concept of creating shared value (CSV) has been welcomed as an approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) among corporations that also provides a practical opportunity for dialogue in public relations, but it has been little examined from the general population’s (i.e., the public’s) perspective. Such scrutiny is important because its findings enable public relations to contribute to the debate and development of CSV from both the public’s and the organization’s viewpoints. Additionally, if public relations professionals understand how the public perceives CSV, they can give a strategic perspective to top management for maximizing moral capabilities of the business and formulate effective communication to promote CSV initiatives. This study investigates whether the public prefers corporations to practice CSV as opposed to intrinsic CSR as a separate pursuit from business interests. It also explores the role of leadership as an influential and ethical construct in implementing effective CSV as perceived by the public. The public’s preference for CSV over intrinsic CSR was revealed in a survey of 1784 participants in the United States (US), Germany, and China. Factor analysis results further suggested that effective CSV competencies of CEOs were construed as a unidimensional concept in the US, but German and Chinese participants viewed it as two-dimensional. The public perceived that leaders’ moral character played a more important, core role in effective CSV than did altruistic and behavioral attributes, across nations. Network analysis of the perceived effective CSV-characteristics provides further implications for CSV communication.     

董事会特征与总经理变更

本文以在上海证券交易所1999年前上市的公司为样本,研究董事会特征等治理变量对总经理变更的影响。研究结果表明,对相对业绩下降公司的总经理变更能起到显著解释作用的变量只有董事会会议的次数和公司的领导结构。而其它治理变量,诸如董事会规模、管理董事比例、独立董事比例、股权集中度、董事会成员持股比例等,未能对总经理变更起到显著的解释作用。