村民法治观念培育的核心——权利观念探析

权利观念是当前村民法治观念培育的核心,中国传统法律文化的弊端,现行法律规范与法律制度的不合理性,以及当前农村生产方式的分散性特征成为村民权利观念培育的障碍。因此,要通过加快农村生产方式变革,完善法律制度,进行法治宣传,加强法律实施监督等途径创造培育村民权利观念的环境和条件。     

林权改革的宪法学思考

2008年6月8日《中共中央国务院关于全面推进集体林权制度改革的意见》公布,引发了新阶段的集体林产权制度改革。从宪法学角度对其进行分析,一方面林权改革过程中＂林＂本身涉及到森林、林木和林地的所有权和使用权问题,这关涉到《宪法》第9条森林资源权利问题和《宪法》第10条土地制度问题。另一方面,林权改革是以政府主导型模式进行推进,主要在中共中央国务院的决定、意见等规范性文件指导下进行,而对制定这些规范性文件的政府权力行使的合宪性考察也是本文关注的重点。     

终极控股股东超额控制与现金持有量价值的实证研究

文章以我国资本市场2002年非金融类A股公司为样本,实证研究了终极控股股东控制权与现金流权分离对公司现金持有量水平及其市场价值的影响.研究结果发现:(1)当终极控股股东为国有股东时,控制权/现金流权系数与现金持有量水平显著正相关;而当终极控股股东为非国有股东时,控制权/现金流权系数与现金持有量水平虽然正相关,但不能通过显著性检验.表明在两权分离的情况下,国有终极控股股东对高现金持有量水平具有较高的偏好;(2)当终极控股股东为国有股东,且其控制权与现金流权存在分离时,现金持有量的价值为0.769元;而当终极控股股东控制权与现金流权不存在分离或虽存在分离但终极控股股东为非国有股东时,现金持有量的价值为1.206元.从而表明在两权分离的情况下,国有终极控股股东对高现金持有量水平的偏好是一种控股股东利益侵占动机.     

An estimation of distribution algorithm for lot-streaming flow shop problems with setup times

Lot-streaming flow shops have important applications in different industries including textile, plastic, chemical, semiconductor and many others. This paper considers an n-job m-machine lot-streaming flow shop scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup times under both the idling and no-idling production cases. The objective is to minimize the maximum completion time or makespan. To solve this important practical problem, a novel estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) is proposed with a job permutation based representation. In the proposed EDA, an efficient initialization scheme based on the NEH heuristic is presented to construct an initial population with a certain level of quality and diversity. An estimation of a probabilistic model is constructed to direct the algorithm search towards good solutions by taking into account both job permutation and similar blocks of jobs. A simple but effective local search is added to enhance the intensification capability. A diversity controlling mechanism is applied to maintain the diversity of the population. In addition, a speed-up method is presented to reduce the computational effort needed for the local search technique and the NEH-based heuristics. A comparative evaluation is carried out with the best performing algorithms from the literature. The results show that the proposed EDA is very effective in comparison after comprehensive computational and statistical analyses.     

独联体《信息获取权示范法》述评

在独联体成员国的民族立法中,信息自由成为与思想、言论、出版自由同位阶的基本权利,受到高度关注。在独联体私法统一化运动的推动下,出于对信息获取权的保障,独联体成员国议会间大会通过了极具权利保障色彩的《信息获取权示范法》。对作为人和公民的基本权利的信息自由的保障成为独联体各成员国在进行信息社会建设和信息法制建构中的一项基本原则。     

从“沉默权”看公权力在宪法上的“举证责任”

从＂沉默权＂的制度作用可以追踪到现代国家之中公权力所必须承担的宪法意义上的举证责任。以宪法内容的权力—权利两分法角度观察,该种举证责任在既定的宪法秩序之中产生,分为权力分配与设立中的＂肯定式举证＂和公民权利限制中的＂否定式举证＂。在当代国家,这两种举证责任的承担方式主要是通过立法（广义法律）进行,其结论的合法性主要来自于既定的立法程序。进而,公权力在宪法上的举证责任,于宪政秩序的建设中也就承担着合法性之证明的作用。     

论公众人物隐私权的保护和限制

隐私权是自然人对与其有关的一切无碍于社会公共利益的个人信息、个人空间和私人活动所享有的阻却他人知晓及不受他人非法干扰的人格权。公众人物由于享有了更多的其他权利（权力）以及肩负着更多的社会责任,所以应对其隐私权进行适当限制。应遵循权利平等、社会公共利益优先、平衡协调、人格尊严等原则,协调解决知情权、采访权与公众人物隐私权的冲突。在公开公众人物隐私的时候不应牵涉或影射与此无关或关系不大的其他人,不损害公众人物的人格尊严。     

辩护律师证据调查权的比较考察

长期以来,刑事诉讼中辩护律师的证据调查权无法得到保障是司法实践中的一大难题,新律师法虽然对辩护律师的会见权、阅卷权、调查取证权等方面进行了修改,但是司法实践中却呈现出新的困境,使得修订法律的立法本意无法得到实现,如何进一步完善辩护律师的证据调查权便成为当务之急。     

A Comparative Discussion of the Gendered Implications of Cash-for-Care Schemes: Markets, Independence and Social Citizenship in Crisis?

There are moves across many countries away from state-led provision of services for disabled people towards cash-based systems, which have been welcomed by disabled people as increasing choice and control over services and support, and increasing independence and social participation. However, feminist scholars have long warned about the implications of commodifying care for women, and the possible consequences of substituting cash for services for social citizenship have remained underexplored, for both disabled people generally, disabled women and mothers more particularly, and for personal assistants/care workers. This article will attempt to address that gap by carrying out a comparative literature review and policy analysis of the role of policy development and outcomes in cash-for-care schemes, looking comparatively across policy developments in several countries, as well as developed welfare states beyond Europe to examine: (a) the impact of the tensions between various governance levels, particularly local and national government; (b) the gendered impact of such policies on (for example) gendered divisions of paid and unpaid work, citizenship and social participation; (c) the impact such policies have, or are likely to have, on different groups of men and women across the life course and across different social and economic groups; and (d) how such policies can contribute to the well-being and/or detriment of different groups of women (and men) within different social, political, economic and historical contexts.     

民族自决权对我国少数民族人权保障的法律意义

民族自决权作为国际关系的准则,在今天却被当作了民族分离和民族分裂的理论依据.本文通过澄清民族自决权的涵义,阐明了其本质特征,说明了民族自决权与民族自治权的关系,论证了民族自决权对我国少数民族人权保障的法律意义.