浅论学生思想品德教育

本文首先从青少年成长、中国21世纪发展和应对国际大环境需要的角度，论述了加强学生思想教育的紧迫性；接着分析了社会舆论导向的三个认识误区；并提出了把静态教育变为动态教育的改革建议。     

“前”字所反映的汉民族的时间认知

汉语中存在大量的"前"字所组成的时间词。这些时间词反映出汉民族的时间是空间的认知,表现出汉语空间—时间隐喻的直线性模式。这其中又存在两套时间是空间的隐喻系统——"时间移动"隐喻系统和"自我移动"隐喻系统,依据两个系统绝大部分时间词的语义已"脱离语境化",但少数时间词的语义并没有完全固化,需要认知语境的参与,进行认知推理,才能获取其意义。     

The role of aspirations and aspirations adaptation in explaining satisficing and bounded rationality

The explanation of bounded rationality in terms of satisficing has been received with skepticism, but Simon's claim that satisficing reflects aspirations and their adaptation could help resolve the matter, particularly taking account of the amplifications introduced by Selten to include motivational factors. Experimental investigations by Guth and his colleagues provide some support. Open-ended, in-depth interviews by Bewley and Schwartz help explain the factors that influence aspirations (which may differ for different tasks), giving attention to affective influences and also to context. They suggest a positive but more complicated relationship between the relative success in realizing profits aspirations and the adaptation of those aspirations, and also in the consequences that aspiration levels have for bounded rationality.     

Cognitive Risk Factors to the Development of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents

This exploratory study examines cognitive risk factors, anxiety sensitivity, and positive and negative affect, as related to the development of anxiety and depression. In a mailed survey, adolescents completed the Child Anxiety Sensitivity Index and the Positive and Negative Affectivity Scale. Previous research utilized the broad and unified variable of anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of anxiety. In this study, we separate and examine the four specific factors of anxiety sensitivity: mental incapacitation concerns, social concerns, disease concerns, and unsteady concerns, and relate it to specific anxiety disorders and depression. Results indicate good convergent validity and improved divergent validity when utilizing the four factors of anxiety sensitivity as compared to using it as one construct. Results also suggest: (1) OCD and GAD share numerous similarities and (2) the importance of the role of negative affectivity in anxiety and depression. Being aware of the components of anxiety sensitivity and how they relate to specific anxiety disorders can help a social worker when rendering a diagnosis. Part of the data presented in this article was from David A. Dia’s doctoral dissertation.     

我国政府采购制度中的缺陷及对策探讨

政府采购是指国家机关或公共事业单位及其授权的组织为了公共利益或自身机构的运转或职能的需要而使用公共资金进行的对货物、工程和服务的采购行为。我国政府要履行加入GPA的庄严承诺,就应根椐国际采购规则的基本要求,结合我国实际情况,建立透明而公正的政府采购机制。     

依存距离最小化是人类语言的普遍规律吗？

麻省理工学院（ MIT ）大脑与认知科学系的弗特勒尔等人对 37 种自然语言的进行了基于语料库的大数据分析,为人类语言中的依存距离最小化倾向提供了最新的实证依据,在科学研究领域引起广泛关注。 MIT 这项研究可能是迄今为止含有语言最多的依存距离研究,在普遍性的验证上较先前研究更为全面,在方法上也有自身的一些特点。但其结论与看法有多处值得商榷。早在八年前,浙江大学刘海涛团队对依存距离最小化倾向进行了较为深入的研究,推动了人们了解人类语言如何在普遍认知机制制约下形成与演化,也帮助人们更深入地认识人类的认知机制。这些研究充分体现了语言研究是一个具有交叉学科特点的研究领域,是多语言、大数据技术、语言的普遍规律、认知科学充分融合的学科。这四大因素结合起来的研究将会展现当代科学研究的光芒,并将对当代语言科学的发展起到重要的推动作用。     

论广义模态结构词的逻辑否定及其依据

作者通过比较量词结构、认知模态词结构、规范模态词结构三者间的惊人类似,引出了源于本体论之存在或非存在的广义模态结构词的一般逻辑否定算法,从而为从命题模态到系动词模态再到情态动词模态的逻辑否定演算,提供了一种能行的研究思路。     

从认知语言学角度谈俄语词类的划分

词类问题在俄语语法中是个争议颇多的问题,被称之为语法学中的"永恒问题".学者们对词类的看法在一系列问题上存在着分歧.从认知语言学角度阐释俄语词类的相关问题.     

家庭小规模经营的局限性与农业组织形式再创新

农业家庭小规模经营不利农业机械的应用;不利于劳动生产率的提高;不利于实现技术进步基础上的扩大再生产和结构调整;最终表现为不利于农民收入的增长。克服家庭小规模经营局限性的出路在于组织形式的创新;实现这种创新需要相应的配套改革,调整农民进城的相关制度,完善和调整农村土地承包制度。     

Modelling change in cognitive understanding with finite mixtures

Psychological theories often posit the existence of several different states. Individuals are viewed as belonging to one of the states at a given age, but with development pass to another state. A main problem in evaluating such theories is representing the transition from one state to another over age. A stochastic transition framework is proposed which should be useful in many different settings. The model is illustrated with data from a cognitive development task.