国际刑事法院管辖战争罪中非国际性武装冲突

继第二次世界大战后纽伦堡和东京国际军事法庭成功审判战争罪犯后,前南斯拉夫和卢旺达国际特设刑事法庭又成功审判了非国际性武装冲突构成的战争罪。国际社会在建立国际刑事法院《罗马规约》的谈判过程中,基于规范战争和武装冲突的习惯国际法律文件和国际刑事司法实践,尝试性地将非国际性武装冲突纳入国际刑事法院管辖的战争罪,成为部分国家对《罗马规约》投反对票的理由之一。事实上,联合国安理会以及相关的国际机构依照《联合国宪章》的规定准确界定非国际性武装冲突,并严格掌握法律适用的标准及规則,非国际性武装冲突作为战争罪纳入国际刑事法院的管辖范围内不应引发更多的歧异。     

Counting casualties: A framework for respectful,useful records

Counting casualties in conflict zones faces both practical and ethical concerns. Drawing on procedures from risk analysis, we propose a general approach. It represents each death by standard features, having either essential value, for capturing the social and cultural meaning of individual casualties, or instrumental value, for relating patterns of casualties to possible causes and effects. We illustrate the approach with the choices involved in attempts to record casualties in Iraq and the Israel-Palestine conflict, and with natural disasters, as exemplified by Hurricane Katrina. We advocate institutionalizing the approach, so that recording casualties increases understanding, rather than suspicion.

角色冲突：辅导员职业倦怠的根源

文章以角色冲突为研究视角,分析了辅导员工作过程中存在的角色过载、角色间,中突和角色内冲突,论述了角色冲突和去个性化、情感衰竭以及低成就感的关系,得出角色;中突直接导致辅导员的工作作懈怠这一观点。提出缩小辅导员工作职责、专任教师定位、弹性工作制和同工、同酬、同编制四个方面的解决思路,为全面破解辅导员的职业懈怠做出了有益的探索。     

Ulstermen and Loyalist Ladies on Parade: Gendering Unionism in Northern Ireland

This article explores parades as central institutions in the construction and maintenance of unionist ethno-gender identities and a crucial part of politics in Northern Ireland. It presents a brief historical review of the origins of Protestant marches and the organizations which are key to sustaining this tradition. It then analyses the contemporary marches, including the highly contested Portadown parade and the tranquil all-Ireland demonstration,held in Rossnowlagh in the Republic. These overwhelmingly male events are important to the maintenance of the gender order of unionism. The parades reveal the subordinated feminity within unionism: women participate in small numbers by invitation only. At the same time, they reveal competing masculinities: traditional, 'respectable' unionist masculinity is challenged by the more virile loyalism of 'Billy boy' and 'kick the pope' bands and marchers. This analysis explains why these competing masculinities are central, not only to the maintenance of male hegemony, but also to the ethno-national politics of parading, helping to set the boundaries of accommodation with nationalists and the state.     

Teaching anti-oppressive social work

This article highlights critical elements for effective and culturally sensitive teaching when transferring educational programs from a Western country to another context. The Social Work Education Project (SWEP), a master's level professional education program, was developed to train social workers in the conflict-affected area of Mindanao in the Philippines. Designed to enhance the leadership capacity of local social workers and contribute to the peace process, SWEP represents collaboration between the National Catholic School of Social Service in Washington, DC; Community and Family Services International, a Philippines-based NGO; and other Philippine community and educational partners. Qualitative program evaluation findings reveal that students assessed their learning as culturally relevant and personally meaningful while also enhancing their capacities for effective social work practice. Grounded in these findings and the experiences of involved faculty, the article concludes with five key lessons for international education.     

When Work and Family are in Conflict: Impact on Psychological Strain Experienced by Social Workers in Australia

Abstract

The impact of workplace stress and the need for work-life balance are increasingly recognised within social work. Recent theorising on work–family interface suggests that work-related stress cannot be contained within the workplace without it impacting on other life domains such as the family. Similarly, it is claimed that family-related issues also affect what happens at work. The present study examined the impact of different forms of work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC) on social workers' psychological strain. An online survey of Australian Association of Social Workers members yielded a final sample of 439 responses. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examining the direct effects of work–family conflict on psychological strain showed that respondents experienced all three forms of WFC (time, behaviour, and strain) and two forms of FWC (strain and behaviour), and these were significantly associated with psychological strain. These findings may be useful in developing strategies that aim to reduce conflict, thereby enabling social workers to make meaningful contributions in their work and family lives.     

Testing Cross-National Conflict Shifting theory: An analysis of Chiquita Brands’ transnational crisis in Colombia

This study uses the Cross-National Conflict Shifting theory to analyze Chiquita Brands’ transnational crisis originated in Colombia with consequences in the United States. The research includes a content analysis and a case study conducted by U.S. and Colombian scholars. This research contributes to the global public relations’ body of knowledge by supporting 9 out of the 10 CNCS theoretical propositions, and further supporting the theory with 3 research questions and 8 hypotheses (2 partially supported, 6 supported).     

跨文化广告传播中的文化冲突与融合

经济一体化必将推动文化之间的交流和融合,广告作为经济信息传播的排头兵,承担起了跨文化经济信息传播的重任。但地区、国家之间的文化差异,不可避免地成为具体广告实践中非常棘手和敏感的因素。通过对跨文化广告传播在文化差异作用下的冲突与融合进行深入分析,寻求中西文化间的契合点,提出培养自觉的跨文化意识,以对我国企业参与国际竞争有所裨益。     

Managing Integrity: The Regulation of Post Public Employment in Britain and Hong Kong

In this article, we examine the regulatory mechanisms governing post public employment in Britain and Hong Kong in the context of changing views on how integrity should be managed in their civil services. In both places, new public management practices have increased the possibility of ‘soft’ conflicts of interest which in turn has resulted in debates over the necessary degree of regulation, the organizational form that this should take, and the extent to which ethical concerns should be more focused on the communication and inculcation of core values in civil servants. We argue that the difficulty of regulating ‘soft’ conflicts of interests is driving moves toward the greater centralisation of ethical regulation in both Britain and Hong Kong and that there appears to be a return to more traditional ways of managing integrity.

亲密关系伴侣在冲突中的行为及其归因

为了研究不同类型、不同性别的亲密关系伴侣在冲突中的行为及其归因,84对恋爱关系伴侣和80对已婚伴侣完成了关系满意度量表和冲突中的行为反应及归因问卷。结果显示,不同性别的亲密关系伴侣在冲突中的行为反应存在显著差异;已婚夫妻比恋爱关系伴侣之间在冲突中的行为和原因归因上存在更多差异。冲突的解决和避免应考虑这些差异。