货币政策与城乡居民消费：攀比效应渠道

本文基于封闭条件下一般均衡分析框架,从理论与实证两个角度分析了攀比效应条件下货币政策对居民消费的影响。通过理论模型研究发现,假定存在消费的外部性,如果居民过度攀比,货币政策的福利效应取决于消费的外部性与垄断扭曲的相对力量。为检验这一结论在我国这样一个大国内部是否适用,本文利用VAR模型和IRF进行检验,并证实我国货币政策对城乡居民消费产生了差异性影响,货币政策对农村居民消费产生的累积效应呈放大趋势,对城镇居民消费产生的累积效应在长期中则趋于稳定。最后本文提出我国实施积极的货币政策对城乡居民消费进行干预的建议。     

The McMansionization of America? Income stratification and the standard of living in housing, 1960–2000

Consumption patterns and living standards are relatively neglected in stratification research even though they are important indicators of material well-being. Consumption inequality is related to income and wealth disparities through complex processes not yet well understood. This paper addresses this gap by analyzing a striking shift in the standard of living in housing in the US that occurred at the same time as a substantial increase in income inequality. Houses became significantly bigger in the 1980s and 1990s just as inequalities deepened, reversing an earlier trend towards smaller houses. Diverse theoretical traditions in the consumption and housing stratification literatures explain this shift differently, and in particular posit very different effects of rising income inequality. I derive several alternative expectations from these traditions: two predicting that the increasing size of houses was broadly shared across income levels, while another expects it represented increasing divergence in living standards, paralleling the trend in income inequality. I use US Census and American Housing Survey data and several different methods to adjudicate between these theories. The results provide some support for each of the alternative expectations, but the most significant finding is that big house ownership became more concentrated among the affluent. A focus on living standards thus uncovers a key source of rising disparities at the turn of the 21st century with important implications for wealth stratification too since houses are the major debt and asset held by most Americans.     

Consumption and Subjective Wellbeing: Exploring Basic Needs,Social Comparison,Social Integration and Hedonism in Peru

Within material poverty contexts, consumption and subjective wellbeing are positively and strongly related. This is usually explained in terms of the increased possibilities to satisfy basic needs that additional spending provides. Other important aspects of consumption, such as its relative, symbolic and hedonic dimensions are not generally considered. The current study explores these aspects in seven poor Peruvian communities through expenditure and motives using regression analysis. Motives for consumption are included in the model drawing on psychologists’ research into the importance of accounting for motives when assessing the impact of material goals on subjective wellbeing. Results reveal that in the Peruvian corridor, consumption has a meaning beyond mere basic needs satisfaction. Status concerns, the reference group, the pleasure of consuming, providing for the household basics and the expectation of escaping social marginalisation are aspects of consumption significantly predicting people’s happiness.

Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption

The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures also prove at least as important to happiness as income.

规训与抵制:大学生视觉形象重构

传统影像建构出大学生的消费者、服务者、普通人形象,却在悠远的宏大叙事向日常生活实践的转向、新媒介、城市空间等面向中被当代大学生解构和重构。这三个面向统合在青年亚文化中。并为大学生进行自身形象的视觉建构提供了技术和思想准备。政治话语与娱乐诉求的分离、日常生活审美化的趋势与商品利益的幕后操纵所形成的合力,询唤着当代大学生的时尚表现者和身体抵抗者形象的视觉建构:时尚的区分与整合功能使大学生实现自我认同和社会归属,同时内生抵抗主流意识形态的力量而建构身体抵抗者形象。抵抗的实质其实是大学生与媒介和商品合谋,当代大学生的视觉建构与大众媒介的商业利益相互邀约、彼此验证,携手建构出媒介暗自得意、大学生自觉另类、社会秩序和谐稳定的"整体的生活方式"。     

文学生产-消费问题中的问题

文学生产-消费是文艺学中的一个或者一对重要问题,而它作为问题并不是因为它的现象层面的存在,而是这种存在在文学中产生了新的阐释的需求。作为社会分工之后的文学,它有生产-消费的问题本来应该是理所当然,而之所以在古代不这样看待,往往有着伦理因素,人们需要有一爿脱离世俗生活指标的净土,而从社会统治角度看,回避或淡化文学的生产-消费特性有利于文化管制。文学的生产-消费特性不只是文学现实的一种功能的体现,而且它也是文化的再生产的一种属性。文学生产-消费是一个连续的相互作用的过程,其中每一个环节都可能产生持续性的影响,它对文学研究提出了新的要求。     

农村居民收入与消费结构的灰色关联分析

 为优化农村居民消费结构,本文在聚类分析的基础上,运用灰色关联分析模型对陕西农村居民消费结构变动情况进行了灰色关联分析。结果表明：农村居民消费结构有所改善,从以生存型消费资料为主导的消费结构开始向以享受、发展型消费资料为主导的消费结构转变。但当前还存在一些制约农村居民消费结构优化的因素。针对这些制约因素,提出了对策建议。     

中国人的脸面观及其对消费者解读奢侈品广告的影响研究

本研究从心理学视角的面子定义出发,通过运用探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析开发了面子需要量表并探索了其内涵。研究发现,面子需要包涵了以道德型面子需要为主的"脸需要",以及涵盖了能力、地位和社会关系等意义更为广泛的"面需要"。在此基础上,本研究比较了在加入不同面子需要内涵之后的三种广告情境下奢侈品购买意向的差异。结果发现,在广告中加入品牌的正面道德信息,会提高消费者购买该品牌的意向。此外,本研究运用ANOVA分析发现,与"脸需要"相比,"面需要"与奢侈品购买意向的关系表现得更为复杂。在管理启示中,本研究讨论了西方国家奢侈品道德化消费趋势的出现及其对中国市场的启示。     

Chinese Statistics

This article points out that the development of statistics in China is a part of the modernization process. It reviews the scope and the quality of Chinese statistics and discusses the statistics of consumption and national income in particular. The future prospects of Chinese statistics are also indicated.     

A Fast Iterated Bootstrap Procedure for Approximating the Small-Sample Bias

This article proposes a fast approximation for the small sample bias correction of the iterated bootstrap. The approximation adapts existing fast approximation techniques of the bootstrap p-value and quantile functions to the problem of estimating the bias function. We show an optimality result which holds under general conditions not requiring an asymptotic pivot. Monte Carlo evidence, from the linear instrumental variable model and the nonlinear GMM, suggest that in addition to its computational appeal and success in reducing the mean and median bias in identified models, the fast approximation provides scope for bias reduction in weakly identified configurations.