我国经济增长影响因素和当前形势分析

本文通过对影响我国经济增长的因素进行了定量分析，以论证我国目前在全球经济危机下所采取的宏观经济政策。社会总需求是影响经济的主要因素，消费和投资是国内需求，出口是国外需求，这三个经济变量都以不同程度地影响经济增长。本文通过数据定量分析了消费（CU）、投资（1）、出口（EX）三个变量对我国GDP的贡献，同时分析了我国目前的经济形势，从而论证我国目前的宏观经济政策并提出建议。     

城乡消费差异的模型解释——城乡消费差异函数的建立及应用

以消费函数为基础,构建了一个同时包括收入差距与收入绝对水平的消费差异函数,并对该函数的基本形式及扩展形式进行了理论分析。最后选择适当的函数形式,基于东三省1983年至2010年有关数据,利用面板协整分析方法,实证研究了城乡消费差异与收入差距及收入水平之间的关系。结果表明,收入差距的缩小及收入水平的提高均有助于缩小城乡消费差异。在实证研究结果的基础上,给出了相应的政策建议。     

CONSUMING WESTERN IMAGE OF WELL-BEING - SHOPPING TOURISM IN SOCIALIST SLOVENIA

The text deals with theoretically and empirically overlooked theme from everyday life in the time of socialism – the shopping tourism. In general, consumption became analytically interesting only lately through cultural studies and consumption in socialism was overlooked due to several ideological, sociological and other prejudices against studying consumption and everyday life in socialism. However,shopping tourism seems to be allembracing and complex phenomenon from everyday life in socialism. It is a complex of numerous practices, used by individuals to improve standard of living (especially a lack of good on the market), with great deal of creativity, manipulation and effort. The analysis is in this context concerned above all with the meanings of shopping tourism, objects of shopping as understood by consumers.     

FAIRY SALES: THE BUDAPEST INTERNATIONAL FAIRS AS VIRTUAL SHOPPING TOURS

Shopping tourism has been a widespread phenomenon since the emergence of the modern consumer culture. It has played a crucial role in the formation and transformation of the structures of wants by constructing and displaying tangible instantiations of cultural otherness. By centring our paper around the concept of ‘virtual shopping tours’ we would like to make sense of the historical and theoretical momentum of shopping tourism in the context of the socialist shortage economies. In post-war Central and Eastern Europe travelling to the West was few people's privilege; nevertheless, almost everybody was interested in, fantasized about, and imitated Western trends. Our attempt is to understand how people sought information and tried to keep up with the Western world in their lifestyles. By ‘virtual shopping’, we mean a sort of quasi-consumption where the choice of goods is shown but not or not immediately available. Visiting international commercial fairs – just as discussing the inaccessible goods seen in Western movies or in expired catalogues of Western department stores – was among the chief occasions for virtual shopping tours. The Budapest International Fairs have been the greatest and most significant fairs in Hungary since the 1890s. Focusing on the post-war period, our paper describes the changing selection of goods, explores the hidden political and cultural functions of the different forms of display, and analyses the attitudes of the various groups of visitors and the meanings they attached to certain products and practices.     

Risk Sharing in Private Information Models With Asset Accumulation: Explaining the Excess Smoothness of Consumption

We study testable implications for the dynamics of consumption and income of models in which first‐best allocations are not achieved because of a moral hazard problem with hidden saving. We show that in this environment, agents typically achieve more insurance than that obtained under self‐insurance with a single asset. Consumption allocations exhibit “excess smoothness,” as found and defined by Campbell and Deaton (1989). We argue that excess smoothness, in this context, is equivalent to a violation of the intertemporal budget constraint considered in a Bewley economy (with a single asset). We also show parameterizations of our model in which we can obtain a closed‐form solution for the efficient insurance contract and where the excess smoothness parameter has a structural interpretation in terms of the severity of the moral hazard problem. We present tests of excess smoothness, applied to U.K. microdata and constructed using techniques proposed by Hansen, Roberds, and Sargent (1991) to test the intertemporal budget constraint. Our theoretical model leads us to interpret them as tests of the market structure faced by economic agents. We also construct a test based on the dynamics of the cross‐sectional variances of consumption and income that is, in a precise sense, complementary to that based on Hansen, Roberds, and Sargent (1991) and that allows us to estimate the same structural parameter. The results we report are consistent with the implications of the model and are internally coherent.     

Does Wealth Explain Black–White Differences in Early Employment Careers?

In this article I inquire about the effects initial wealth has on black–white differences in early employment careers. I set up a dynamic model in which individuals simultaneously search for a job and accumulate wealth, and fit it to data from the National Longitudinal Survey (1979-cohort). Regime changes and decompositions of racial differences reveal that differences in the labor market environment and in preferences account fully for racial gaps in wealth and in wages persisting several years after high school graduation. Differences in initial wealth partially explain differences in early employment careers.     

促进人与自然和谐发展的税收政策探析

随着经济的快速发展,生态环境也遭到了严重的破坏。制定和实施科学的税收政策是促进人与自然和谐发展的重要途径。文章分析了促进人与自然和谐发展过程中现行税费政策存在的主要不足,提出了促进人与自然和谐发展的税收政策构想。     

Unpacking the terms of engagement with local food at the Farmers’ Market: Insights from Ontario

Amidst much discussion of the values and venues of local food, the Farmers’ Market (FM) has emerged as an important, but somewhat uncertain, site of engagement for producers, consumers and local food ‘champions’. Despite the evident certainty of various operational rules, the FM should be seen as a complex and ambiguous space where (contingent) notions of local, quality, authenticity and legitimacy find expression in communications and transactions around food. This paper seeks to extend current reflections on the nature of the contemporary FM and its relationship to the tenets of local food. An empirical analysis involving sellers, shoppers and managers at 15 markets in the Province of Ontario, Canada sought to understand how participants ‘read’ the market as an operating space and subsequently construct the terms of (their) engagement. Findings suggest that Ontario FM customers wish to support farmers and farming via their food-related spending and express attachments to a wide range of alleged benefits pertaining to local food. Yet these values are also malleable in their meaning and amenable to trade-off against other considerations—particularly where social capital is concerned. The notion of ‘local’ emerges as being widely valued but also highly interpretive in its meaning and variable in its absolute importance. The paper concludes with some reflection on the degree to which the findings support, challenge or modify current normative beliefs about local food at the FM.     

居民消费升级的理论与现实研究

消费升级是个多维度的过程，主要包括内容升级和品质升级。在“需求-供给”的研究框架下对消费升级进行理论分析，并对改革开放以来我国消费升级的特征及其影响因素进行应用分析。当前，我国居民收入增长不足以支撑新一轮消费升级，收入阶层分布导致了消费升级的“小马拉大车”，供给能力和结构均对消费结构升级的支撑力度不足。未来要围绕消费者分层、收入分配政策、市场化改革等解除需求和供给侧的制约因素，切实推动消费升级。     

吉林省城镇社会各阶层的特点与消费行为研究

改革开放以来，我国经济和社会的长足发展使社会阶层的结构发生了深刻变化，从而使居民的消费结构和方式随之改变。因此，研究社会阶层的划分和特点进而根据这些特点对消费行为进行分析是当前社会学和消费者行为学研究的重要领域。笔者以吉林省城镇居民为研究对象，按照一定的标准对其进行了社会阶层的划分和研究，得出了各阶层的特点并根据这些特点对吉林省居民的消费行为进行了分析，旨在为当地政府制定相应的政策措施和企业采取有效的营销策略提供理论参考。