接触力学中的变分原理

接触问题是工程结构、加工工艺中经常面临的重要问题之一。石油工业中钻铤螺纹联接、钻柱与井壁的/接触、钻头与岩石的接触等;铁路工业中桥梁与混凝土基础的准静态接触,火车车轮与轨道的滚动接触等都是接触问题的典型例子。而接触问题中最难最关键的问题就是建立其变分泛函和求解的方法。介绍和总结了近年来关于接触力学中变分原理发表的有关文献和使用的理论和方法,并对这些理论和方法进行了分析和比较。为建立适合于石油钻铤螺纹联接的接触变分原理奠定了基础。     

Adolescents' Satisfaction with Contact in Adoption

The current investigation drew from the second wave of data collected from the Minnesota-Texas Adoption Research Project (MTARP). Adolescents involved in adoptive arrangements in which there is contact with birth parents were compared to adolescents who do not have contact with their birth parents in terms of satisfaction with adoption openness. ANOVA results indicated that adolescents who have contact with their birthmothers maintain higher satisfaction with contact status than those who do not have contact. No effects for gender or age were noted. In terms of contact with birthfathers, adolescents with contact maintained higher satisfaction with contact status than those who do not have contact. Significant effects for age were also noted, insofar as satisfaction with contact increases with age. Implications of these findings for adoption professionals are put forth, as well as directions for further research.     

The Tumorigenicity of Mutagenic Contact-Sensitizing Chemicals

The electrophilic nature of some contact sensitizers, that is, chemicals that cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), is also characteristic of genotoxic tumorigens. Electrophiles can adduct protein, which is the basis for ACD, as well as DNA, which is the basis for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. This suggests that some electrophilic contact sensitizers may be genotoxic tumorigens. To further investigate this matter, we evaluated 146 chemicals that had been bioassayed for tumorigenicity and mutagenicity in the National Toxicology Program, with an analysis of structure-activity relationships for contact sensitization. Using the data from this analysis and from other sources, the proportion of the contact sensitizers that were both mutagenic and tumorigenic was found to range from 20% to 28%. This finding suggests that there may be in the order of 90 genotoxic tumorigens for rodents among the approximately 384 chemicals that have been validated as contact sensitizers for humans.     

克林顿政府与布什政府对朝政策比较分析

冷战后美国对朝政策仍深受反共意识形态的影响。接触与遏制并举是冷战后美国政府对朝政策的主要特征。克林顿执政期间，接触政策占据主导地位，主张通过一定程度的妥协来换取朝鲜做出让步，最终达到迫使其放弃核武器研发的目的；布什执政期间，遏制政策占据主导地位，主张通过对朝施加强大压力以迫使朝鲜屈从美国的意志。就政策的实质而言，克林顿是一种妥协性的政策，布什则是一种对抗性的政策。     

外来词为载体的西方文化对汉民族文化的冲击

自从对外开放以来,大批外来词涌入我国,给民族文化带来了巨大的影响和冲击。本文在界定外来词概念的基础上,列举并分析了外来词在我们日常生活中常见的种种表现形式,探讨了作为西方文化传播载体的外来词对我汉民族传统文化的影响和冲击。指出外来词的产生是文化接触的必然产物,是一种自然的社会语言现象。文化接触产生的外来词对本民族文化的冲击利多弊少,我们对其应持积极欢迎的态度。     

严维与中唐侍僧交游考略

严维是中唐前期大历时期江南诗人的重要一员，交游广泛。严维一生除了与文人交游外，还与当时颇有诗名的诗僧如灵一、灵澈、清江等都有着密切的交游。本文就是针对严维与这些侍僧的交游进行详细考略，以期从中找到诗僧对严维人格、思想以及诗风的影响。     

Individual gendered attitudes toward immigrants. Empirical evidence from French surveys

This article explores gendered attitudes towards immigrants and argues there are three gendered effects on intolerance: the gender gap that induces different levels of intolerance for men and women; gendered sensitivity, meaning men and women react differently to contact or competition with immigrants; the relative sex ratio related to the demographic gender changes in the environment due to immigrants. These hypotheses are tested using the French WVS data and three different intolerance measurements: soft and hard intolerance and relative empathy. The results highlight that the simple gender gap, already observed in the literature, can be partly accounted for by both gendered sensitivity and the relative sex ratio. More broadly, the findings confirm the hypothesis of gendered attitudes towards immigrants defined by three dimensions.     

High School Students' Contact with and Attitudes towards Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Kuwait

Abstract

This study aims to investigate demographic variables, contact-related correlates, and attitudes towards persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD) among Kuwaiti high school students (N = 700). The study focuses on variables that few studies have investigated and attempts to raise awareness among social workers to advocate for the inclusion of people with IDD and reform social policy that would improve the inclusion in society. The adapted Mental Retardation Attitude Inventory—Revised (MRAI-R) was used. A set of demographic variables and known predictors of attitudes to people with IDD were tested in multivariate analyses. Except for age, differences in global attitudes were found to be a function of gender, knowing persons with IDD, intimacy, frequency of contact, intensity of contact, and knowledge of IDD. Higher levels of Contact-Intensity and higher age were associated with more positive attitudes on the Integration–Segregation, Social Distance, Private Rights, and Subtle Derogatory Beliefs subscales. These findings support the development of legislation aimed at promoting successful inclusion that contributes to positive attitudes of students towards a person with IDD.     

The ‘ordinary’ family as a resource for single parents—on the Swedish contact family service

This article reports on some important results from a qualitative study, which mainly focused on the topics of family notions and notions of ‘good parenthood’, and their impact on the Swedish ‘contact family service’. The service is provided to help mostly single mothers—with scarce social networks that lack the ability to provide support—to get relief from constant care-giving for one or two weekends a month. The three parties—client families, contact families and the social workers that handled the cases—have been interviewed (a total of 54 interviews) about their experience of their own parenthood and family life as well as their notions in general, for example of a ‘normal’ and an ‘ideal’ family. The interaction and influence of these notions on shaping the contact family service were studied. The article comes to the conclusion that the design of the contact family service needs further consideration on the family ideals that are reproduced in the service. With the nuclear family as the norm, the burden of a lone parenthood will increase.