宏观民族分析的微观基础:西方日常民族主义理论评述及补充

近年来兴起的日常民族主义理论已经在西方民族理论领域产生较大影响,并且正激发出两种不同路向的新思潮:日常次民族主义和日常超民族主义。日常民族主义理论的提出将原生主义开启的微观民族分析推进到一个更为规范化的分析阶段,其意义在于部分消解了宏观民族分析中内在的冲突性和爆炸性,同时也展示了一个以民族成员个体为中心的民族意义世界。该理论的困难主要集中在其缺乏对精英功能的考虑及对历史变迁的整合这两方面。笔者尝试引入西方社会学理论中的成果来克服这一困难。在美国社会学家柯林斯仪式互动链理论的启发下,笔者提出一个族内互动场的分析框架,以期从社会学的视角对西方的日常民族主义理论进行总结和概括,并对日常民族主义理论进行一些补充和发展。     

Response model analysis for robust design experiments

Taguchi's robust design technique, also known as parameter design, focuses on making product and process designs insensitive (i.e., robust) to hard to control variations. In some applications, however, his approach of modeling expected loss and the resulting “product array” experimental format leads to unnecessarily expensive and less informative experiments. The response model approach to robust design proposed by Welch, Ku, Yang, and Sacks (1990), Box and Jones (1990), Lucas (1989), and Shoemaker, Tsui and Wu (1991) offers more flexibility and economy in experiment planning and more informative modeling. This paper develops a formal basis for the graphical data-analytic approach presented in Shoemaker et al. In particular, we decompose overall response variation into components representing the variability contributed by each noise factor, and show when this decomposition allows us to use individual control-by-noise interaction plots to minimize response variation. We then generalize the control-by-noise interaction plots to extend their usefulness, and develop a formal analysis strategy using these plots to minimize response variation.     

The Efficient Methods to Construct Two-Per-Block Design in 2 k Plans

There are many situations which require the performing of two points in one block. Two subjects, in which all effects are available to estimate free of blocks and all main effects and two-factor interactions are estimated free of blocks, are worth to pursue in the 2 ^k design. In this article, we precisely present the minimum number of necessary blocks that enable to estimate the required effects. We also give a methodology to construct the combined designs without using computer search.     

城市化与城市文化互动关系

为探索城市化和城市文化互动提升路径,在厘定城市化与城市文化互动关系的基础上,以伦敦、东京为例分析了国际化大都市城市化战略与城市化互动发展模式。研究认为,城市文化是历史和现实的产物,是历史传统和时代精神有机结合的生动体现;在新媒体时代,城市文化逐步成为推动城市发展的第一力量,应通过规划规定、政策跟进、项目推动来促进城市化发展。     

The probabilistic reduction approach to specifying multinomial logistic regression models in health outcomes research

The paper provides a novel application of the probabilistic reduction (PR) approach to the analysis of multi-categorical outcomes. The PR approach, which systematically takes account of heterogeneity and functional form concerns, can improve the specification of binary regression models. However, its utility for systematically enriching the specification of and inference from models of multi-categorical outcomes has not been examined, while multinomial logistic regression models are commonly used for inference and, increasingly, prediction. Following a theoretical derivation of the PR-based multinomial logistic model (MLM), we compare functional specification and marginal effects from a traditional specification and a PR-based specification in a model of post-stroke hospital discharge disposition and find that the traditional MLM is misspecified. Results suggest that the impact on the reliability of substantive inferences from a misspecified model may be significant, even when model fit statistics do not suggest a strong lack of fit compared with a properly specified model using the PR approach. We identify situations under which a PR-based MLM specification can be advantageous to the applied researcher.     

Detecting qualitative interactions in clinical trials with binary responses

This study considers the detection of treatment‐by‐subset interactions in a stratified, randomised clinical trial with a binary‐response variable. The focus lies on the detection of qualitative interactions. In addition, the presented method is useful more generally, as it can assess the inconsistency of the treatment effects among strata by using an a priori‐defined inconsistency margin. The methodology presented is based on the construction of ratios of treatment effects. In addition to multiplicity‐adjusted p‐values, simultaneous confidence intervals are recommended to use in detecting the source and the amount of a potential qualitative interaction. The proposed method is demonstrated on a multi‐regional trial using the open‐source statistical software R . Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

政治漫画多模态隐喻和转喻的互动方式研究

隐喻和转喻是人类的基本认知工具,是构建和识解多模态语篇的重要认知机制。政治漫画是多模态隐喻和转喻的重要语类。文章发现隐喻和转喻之间存在复杂的互动方式,二者既可以分别作用,也可以相互交织,在源域、靶域以及映射对应要素上发挥作用。隐喻多起到评价时事、表达主题、传递情感的作用,而转喻则是连接图片与现实的桥梁,表现出鲜明的语类特征。      

互动仪式链视角下民族精神培育与学校武术教育的融合与发展

以互动仪式链为研究范式,以情感为切入点,通过分析武术本身所涵盖的中华民族精神,从而构建起民族精神培育与学校武术教育的动力融合机制,并指明情感建立能有效传递武术彰显的中华民族精神特质,身体在场能实现中华民族精神由认同到实践的转化,情感输出能构筑情感归属与铸牢中华民族共同体意识。在共建情感共鸣、共享场域互动和共筑集体意识的互动仪式链策略指引下,能在一定程度上弘扬中华民族精神,为培育民族精神实现中华民族伟大复兴增添助力。提出建立民族精神培育与学校武术教育融合的传播策略,将学校看作是互动仪式发生的重要场域,把武术教育当作产生情感互动的关键纽带,不仅是民族文化符号和民族精神形成的枢纽,更是促成民族精神培育和传播实践的重要推动力。     

"毛泽东思想概论"课师生互动教学模式的实践与体会

本文总结了“毛泽东思想概论”课教学的基本经验,从专题式、问题式、讨论式、演讲式、实践式、论文式等几个方面阐述了教学改革的实践,悟出了教学的关键在于教师,教学的首要在于讲清学习的目的,教学的重点在于理论联系实际的体会。     

社会批判理论的“新的范畴框架”——对哈贝马斯区分劳动和相互作用思想的探析

哈贝马斯认为,马克思混淆了劳动和相互作用,表现出把人与人的相互作用归结为技术性劳动的倾向,由此决定了马克思用类似于自然科学的方法研究社会,使主体的自我认识的综合被客观的劳动综合所代替。哈贝马斯提出区分劳动和相互作用的“新的范畴框架”,他把晚期资本主义矛盾的特点概括为科学技术扩张,劳动排斥相互作用。他把劳动和相互作用的关系理解为技术性劳动和道德交往实践的关系,这就把生产关系从研究框架中排除了出去,取消了根本改变资本主义生产关系的历史任务。他把马克思社会理论的适用范围局限于自由资本主义时期,曲解了马克思的观点,但也提出了一些有启发性的见解。