行为问题儿童的成因及家庭教育对策

本文对行为问题儿童的成因及家庭教育等相关问题加以论述。     

Where are the motives? A problem with evidence in the work of Richard Thaler

In this journal (Mackenzie, 1997. Economic Psychology 18(1), 123–135), Mackenzie argues that there is a problem with Thaler's work: in failing to provide evidence about motives, Thaler's claims are vulnerable. In this comment, I present a different view. Thaler merely pinpoints some stylized facts, such as the endowment effect. Models of economic behaviour should be able to account for these. Mackenzie's discussion of the wine owner anecdote gives ad hoc reasons for apparently irrational behaviour. Thaler's work focuses on systematic effects, which is a much more fruitful approach. Mackenzie fails to do justice to the work that has been done to document the endowment effect.     

Rational behaviour: A comparison between the theory stemming from de Finetti's work and some other leading theories

We present some interesting features of de Finetti's decision theory; then we extended the theory. The extended theory has a normative character and is of the expected utility kind, but it is also very adaptable. By comparing it with some leading theories, we find that our theory is compatible with consideration of the whole probability distribution — it can even accommodate Allais' paradox -, while it is not generally compatible with probability weighting. We are mainly interested in the normative point of view.     

试论行政诉讼的受案范围与依法行政

随着依法治国方略的实施和民主化程度的进一步增强 ,原《行政诉讼法》规定的受案范围已落后于司法实践的需要 ,有必要扩大其受案范围 ,真正做到依法行政 ,以实现法治国家的目标     

外来打工族的行为特征、流向与管理

外来打工族是一个外地劳动力群体。从社会学、管理心理学的角度进行探讨，这个群体的行为特征主要有：勤劳吃苦、工具性、结群性，流动与心理压力大。由于区域经济发展不平衡和经济类型的差异，他们流动的趋势是从西、北向东、南流动，高度聚集在广东珠江三角洲。要针对他们的特点，提出管理的对策。     

试析行政指导的可诉性

行政指导作为一种非强制性行政行为 ,被广泛运用于市场经济国家的经济与行政管理过程中。由于目前行政指导缺乏法律法规规范 ,行政指导侵犯相对人权益的事实大量存在 ,很有必要规范行政指导行为。为防止行政指导的滥用、失误 ,并充分发挥其功效 ,必须将行政指导纳入法制化轨道 ,接受司法审查 ,保证司法救济 ,从而使中国行政指导在法律规范下健康发展     

Premarital childbearing in Thamaga Village,Botswana

This paper examines the diminished importance of marriage as a setting for childbearing in Botswana. It uses qualitative data gathered in Thamaga Village during 1995 to explore the cultural basis of this development. Marriage practices and traditional attitudes to marriage, childbearing and sexual relations are reviewed, and factors identified as having undermined them are discussed. Rational adaptation theory and social disorganization theory then provide a framework within which forces encouraging premarital childbearing in Thamaga are investigated. Both theories are found to be useful. Especially where women are older, premarital childbearing is often strategic and goaldirected, providing a sense of self-worth, labour and old-age security. In many other cases, however, it reflects spontaneous sexual activity generated by the undermining of social controls and inauspicious economic circumstances. Societal attitudes to premarital motherhood become less condemnatory after about age 25, as women are judged to have waited long enough for marriage.     

Adopted foster youths' psychosocial functioning: a longitudinal perspective

Researchers have long debated whether adopted youth manifest disproportionate levels of psychological dysfunction compared with non‐adopted youth. Yet, missing from the debate has been a clear understanding of the specific subgroups of adopted youth who may develop behaviour problems and of the risk factors associated with various vulnerable populations. This longitudinal study examined one subpopulation of adopted youth – former foster children – in order to determine their immediate and long‐term functioning, particularly in comparison with their adopted non‐foster care peers. The central goal of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of behavioural problems in adopted foster youth compared with adopted non‐foster youth and to chart the longitudinal course of their behavioural problems. Participants included adopted foster youth (n = 293) and adopted non‐foster youth (n = 312) from a statewide sample of adopted youth, aged 2–18 years. Data were collected from the adoptive parents at approximately 2, 4 and 8 years after adoption. Adoptive parents rated youths’ functioning with the Behaviour Problems Inventory. According to parental report, a striking number of the foster youth displayed behaviour problems, although the non‐foster care group of children also displayed noteworthy levels of problem behaviours. The rates of behaviour problems in both groups far exceed what is observed in the general population of children.     

Interrelation between empathy and friendship development during (pre)adolescence and the moderating effect of developmental language disorder: A longitudinal study

The association between empathy and friendship quality in children and adolescents is well established, but longitudinal studies are lacking. Because social interactions typically involve language, these relations might be moderated by children's communication problems. The current study examined the interrelation of friendship quality (positive and negative) and empathy (affective, cognitive, and prosocial motivation) development of 317 children (8–16 years old) at three time points across 18 months. Of these children 112 had a developmental language disorder (DLD). Results confirmed a bidirectional relation between empathy and friendship quality across time. Cognitive empathy and prosocial motivation contributed to the development of more positive friendship features in children with and without DLD. For children with unstable friendships, more cognitive empathy was related to fewer negative friendship features. Positive friendship features in turn contributed to higher empathy on all three aspects. Negative friendship features were related to higher affective empathy and lower prosocial motivation in both groups, but did not predict empathy development across time. These results imply that positive friendship features are important for development of empathic skills and vice versa that empathy enables children to grow in friendship quality in children with and without DLD.     

股票市场投资者情绪研究综述

从投资者情绪的基本内涵、投资者情绪的度量、投资者情绪的理论模型以及投资者情绪对股票市场的影响等四个方面进行归纳和总结,力求系统全面地对投资者情绪的研究进行综述,最后对投资者情绪的未来发展提出了展望。