Linking neighbourhood safety and children's internalizing and externalizing problems: Mediating role of maternal depression

This study examined the relationship among neighbourhood safety, maternal depression and child behaviour problems among Korean children in South Korea. Using the 2019 Panel Study on Korean Children (N = 1127), we found that residing in less safe neighbourhoods was associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Additionally, results from mediation analysis showed that the relationships between neighbourhood safety and internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly mediated by maternal depression in South Korea. These findings suggest that maternal depression may be an important mechanism linking unsafe neighbourhoods to South Korean children's behaviour problems.     

环境艺术设计的断想

人类与环境在长期的共存中经历了互相对立与互相和谐的不同历史时期,在对生活环境的设计中人们观念与设计手法也在不断的发生着变化,伴随着生产力水平的提高和认知能力的进展,环境设计从传统的简单形态向高级形态发展,同时吸纳了艺术与技术的各种相关因素.环境艺术设计已独立于相关学科而形成独特的学科领域,它拥有多学科相互交叉的特点,成为深具复杂性与多样性的新型学科.     

政治文明与科学的政治观念体系的构建

政 治文 明由 政治 观 念文 明 、政 治制 度文 明 、政 治 行为 文明 三 个基 本方 面 层面 组成 。 其中 ,政 治观 念 既为 政 治行 为作 导向,又为 政 治制 度提 供思 想 依据 ;因此 ,政 治观 念 文明 无 可置 疑是 政治 文 明的 思 想基 础,科 学的 政治 观念 体 系的 构 建的 作用 十分重 大。这个 体系 的构 建 必须 以 科学 的权 力观 念 为核 心 ;既 要继 承立 党为 公 、执 政为 民、勤政 、廉 政、公仆 等 优秀 传统 政 治观 念,又要 创新 权 为民 所用 、情 为 民所 系、利为 民 所谋 的现 代 执政 观 念;更要 大胆 科 学地 汲取 西 方民 主、自由 、人 权 、竞 争、效率 、效 益政治 观念 的 合理 性。     

Young male offenders in community‐based rehabilitative programmes – self‐reported history of antisocial behaviour predicts recidivism

Ginner Hau H, Smedler A.‐C. Young male offenders in community‐based rehabilitative programmes – self‐reported history of antisocial behaviour predicts recidivism Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 413–420 © 2011 The Author(s), International Journal of Social Welfare © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. Recidivism over 18 months was investigated in a representative group of young Swedish male offenders, 15–17 years old, referred to community‐based rehabilitative programmes (n= 189). Registry data on their earlier contacts with social services and previous convictions were also collected. Eighteen months after programme start, 60 per cent of the young offenders were registered as suspected of new crimes, 48 per cent were registered for crimes of violence. Previous contacts with the social services had been documented for 44 per cent, and 30 per cent were registered as previously convicted. However, the group was highly heterogeneous, and all registry data corresponded well with self‐reported history of antisocial behaviour collected at the start of the programme, which identified three subgroups (n= 60, 65 and 64, respectively) with significantly different problem profiles. Results are discussed in relation to developmental theories of antisocial development and the need to adhere to the risk principle when designing interventions for young offenders.     

Research Review: Economic evidence for interventions in children's social care: revisiting the What Works for Children project

Evidence about the cost‐effectiveness of interventions in children's services can help decision‐makers make more efficient use of scarce resources. We returned to six somewhat disparate interventions on which we had collated research evidence identified by service planners and practitioners as relevant to the well‐being of children in the course of the Economic and Social Research Council‐funded What Works for Children project. These are home visiting, parenting, cognitive–bahavioural therapy, mentoring, traffic calming and breakfast club interventions. We aimed to explore the nature and extent of evidence on cost‐benefit and cost effectiveness for these measures. We conducted searches for studies that looked at the costs as well as the effectiveness of the six interventions and found 24 studies matching our inclusion criteria. The studies were diverse in terms of study design and economic methods (including economic modelling and willingness to pay). Studies relating to parenting programmes and traffic calming gave the most positive indication that the interventions may be cost‐effective for the outcomes in question. The remainder of the studies did not give a clear picture, in large part because of a lack of demonstration that the intervention was effective.     

家庭伦理道德与青少年道德行为习惯的养成

家庭是子女的第一所学校,父母是子女的第一任教师.父母的品行修养以及家庭的环境氛围无不潜移默化地影响着青少年的道德行为习惯的形成,家庭伦理道德是个体道德化的摇篮.为了把青少年培养成适合社会主义现代化事业需要的德才兼备的人才,必须进一步深化家庭伦理道德建设,不断提高家庭的道德文明水平.     

Unravelling the relationship between role overload and organizational citizenship behaviour: A test of mediating and moderating effects

Building on the conservation of resources theory and self-determination theory, the present study develops and tests a moderated mediation model of organizational citizenship behaviour, in which a) emotional exhaustion serves as a mediating mechanism linking role overload with organizational citizenship behaviour, and b) supervisor autonomy support moderates the relationship between role overload and organizational citizenship behaviour through emotional exhaustion. Results of a time-lagged study of 144 workers from various Canadian organizations provided support for the hypothesized model: supervisor autonomy support buffered a negative effect of role overload on emotional exhaustion and, indirectly, organizational citizenship behaviour. This research sheds light on the intervening variables that may explain the relationship between challenge stressors and extra-role behaviours. It also provides information on managerial practices that may protect employees’ optimal functioning against an excessive workload.     

Employees' perceptions of high-performance work systems and innovative behaviour: The role of exploratory learning

This paper analyses the influence of employees' perceptions of high-performance work systems (HPWSs) on employees' exploratory learning and innovative behaviour. Furthermore, the mediating role of exploratory learning in this relationship has also been studied. To achieve these objectives, a quantitative analysis was conducted with a sample of 304 researchers from the Spanish public sector. Results showed the relevance of employees' perceptions of HPWSs in promoting exploratory learning and employees' innovative behaviour. The mediating role of exploratory learning in the relationship was assessed. The paper mentions the importance of workers' perceptions on the implementation of HPWSs and their impact on employees' behaviour. The paper also presents practical and theoretical implications.     

Treatment progress of foster care adolescents with severe behavioural problems: Factors conditioning their performance in the residential treatment centres

Behavioural problems are a recurring issue in the child welfare system population. Normative residential centres do not have the characteristics to address the specific needs of these adolescents, so they are usually treated at therapeutic residential centres. In Catalonia (Spain), these cases are treated in intensive educational residential centres (CREIs), a variant of therapeutic residential care (TRC) facilities. This exploratory study seeks to understand the treatment progress of adolescents with severe behavioural problems who were placed in the CREIs, a variant of TRC facilities. Data from 206 cases, the totality of population under treatment in the CREIs, were collected using a questionnaire administered to the treating team. A cross‐sectional design was used, applying quantitative methods to analyse the incidence and interrelation of a series of variables related to the progress of adolescents in the CREIs. Significant differences among profiles by sex, place of origin, criminal offences, substance abuse and mental health disorders were found. Furthermore, adolescents who performed a positive treatment progress according to the professional staff arrived at the CREI at an earlier age and had longer stays than the group with an unremarkable progress. Logistic regression indicated that duration of stay in the centre and runaways predict the adolescents' treatment progress. This treatment is working well with the milder cases; however, it does not tend to be successful for adolescents with greater difficulties. It is recommended that interventions focus on factors that engage the adolescents in their own rehabilitation process, include substance abuse programmes and consider the gender perspective.     

Stand Up for Health: Programme theory for an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in contact centres

BackgroundContact centre staff spend up to 95 % of their day seated, which can lead to a range of negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a programme theory for a complex intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in contact centres.MethodsThe 6SQuID model was used. A literature review, and focus groups at one contact centre were used to: understand the problem (step 1); identify modifiable factors (step 2); and develop a theory of change (step 3). A workshop shaped a theory of action (step 4), and the programme theory was refined after testing activities over 6 months (step 5). The intervention is currently undergoing further evaluation and feasibility testing in a larger scale stepped wedge randomised controlled study in 11 contact centres (Step 6).ResultsStep 1: Limited opportunity to sit less, and move more at work was identified as the main problem. Step 2: Modifiable factors were identified at four levels of the centre. Step 3: A theory of change was developed around cultural norms and individual behaviour change. Step 4: Actions were developed to ‘activate’ the theory of change. Step 5: Activities were implemented, and adapted over 6 months and the programme theory was refined.ConclusionThe programme theory behind this intervention is robust, evidence based, adaptive and transferable.