秦"大梓牛神"传说及其巫文化气质

从战国时代的《秦记》到六朝志怪文本,秦"大梓牛神"传说得到较为广泛的传播。古典文献对这种栖身于树的森林精灵及其灵验的类似记载,曾经形成一种特定的叙述模式或文化母题,它在人类学的视野观照下,彰显出巫文化在不同时代和民族原始遗留的世界普遍性。就其本事来考察,秦王砍伐大梓树的集体行为,实际上是古代社会结合巫舞而演示的一场较为正规性的巫术驱邪活动。     

元代回回人的宗教制度与伊斯兰教法

本文研究了元代回回社会中的宗教制度和伊斯兰教法。作者认为,元代回回社会中存在着官方认可的管理者和更小的民间宗教事务管理者两套系统。伊斯兰教法约束了回回人的行为规范,并且对元代多元法律文化的形成产生了影响。在多元文化的发展过程中,“回回法”同“汉法”及“蒙古法”有一个冲突和融合的过程。     

Passing Encounters East and West: Comparing Japanese and American Pedestrian Interactions

This study examined the microinteractions of pedestrians in Japan and in the United States as they walked past a confederate. Specifically, the effects of culture, condition (avoid, look-only, and look plus smile) and sex of confederate on glances, smiles, nods, and greetings by passing pedestrians were examined in a field study on over 1000 participants. The hypotheses of (1) lower responsiveness in Japanese pedestrians than in American pedestrians and (2) increased responsiveness as a function of condition were supported in a series of log-linear analyses of pedestrian glances, smiles, nods, and greetings. Both of these main effects were, however, qualified by Culture X Condition interactions on smiles, nods, and greetings, with the large condition effects present in the American pedestrians, but absent in the Japanese pedestrians. The results are discussed in terms of the functions of glances, smiles, nods, and greetings in these brief encounters and how differing cultural norms affect Japanese and American responsiveness. Finally, the limitations of this study and the broader utility of this research paradigm are discussed.

Ethnic Identities under the Tourist Gaze

This paper examines the construction of Bai ethnicity and Bai identity on the tourist market in Dali, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Focusing on how the social landscape of Dali has changed in response to the development of tourism, this paper explores how Bai ethnicity is advocated as a product loaded with potential economic values. The author discovers that ‘commerce of authenticity’ (T. Oakes, Tourism and modernity in China. London, Routledge, 1998 Oakes, T. 1998. Tourism and modernity in China, London: Routledge.  [Google Scholar]), and different forms of ethnicity and artefacts promoted in the tourist market have not drowned out the sense of being ethnically Bai. Instead, the tourist industry has become a daily reminder of ethnicity to both insiders and outsiders by making people more self-conscious and reflexive about the ‘cultural stuff’ that they may have previously taken for granted, or may have left unattended. This paper demonstrates how locals actively appropriate state-defined categories and reshape them into the repertoire they desire.     

从伊斯兰文明看文化自觉

伊斯兰教在伊斯兰文明中占有支配性的地位,伊斯兰文明具有政教合一、复古倾向、文化统一性以及因强大的适应能力导致的多样性和区域化倾向等文化特点。对于中国穆斯林中的回族而言,文化自觉包括对中华文明和儒家文化的研究,对伊斯兰文明的研究,以及对西方文明的研究。对于伊斯兰文明的研究,特别需要关注伊斯兰文明的网络结构以及伊斯兰文明对于当代社会的适应性。文化自觉的意识源自危机和危机感。近代以来中华文明和伊斯兰文明所面临的生存危机,必须从文明内部寻找原因,并从内部和外部全方位寻找解决的办法。在这一过程中,中华文明的文化自觉可以从中国伊斯兰文化和域外伊斯兰文化中受益。     

Enduring not enjoying? Emotional responses to studying abroad among Danish and Chinese students

ABSTRACT

Students’ emotions during stays abroad have mainly been treated as ”culture shock”, where difficulties are interpreted as universal ”stages” towards ”adaptation”. This paper explores how students from different cultural and educational traditions experience studying abroad differently. The study presents a qualitative study of 18 Danish and Chinese students in Chinese and Danish universities and situates itself within the literature on culture shock, student emotions and study-abroad experiences. The study exposes the students’ complex emotions throughout their studies abroad and explains how these emotions relate to processes of self-formation, professional and academic development, increase or decrease in freedom, and student agency.     

试论民族文化认同的特殊功效--从斯大林民族定义的争论说开去

文化具有超时空的稳定性和很强的凝聚力,一个民族的文化模式一经形成,必然会持久地支配每个社会成员的思想和行为。文化又是一个民族区别于其他民族的基本特质和身份象征,在共同的文化背景中,人们获得了归属感和认同感。因此,在共同文化基础上形成的共同心理素质——民族文化认同,对于标识民族特性,塑造认同心理,规范社会行为,培育统一意识,凝聚民族精神,形成民族合力,进而对维护国家安全统一具有特殊的功效。     

在礼教与世俗间徘徊的市民代言人——由明代士人隐居方式的变化来看近代审美文化发展的趋势

晚明士人隐居于市井时与市民大量接触,使士人能够体察市民的内心情感,不自觉地成为其代言人,从而开始亲近市民文化,自觉不自觉地受市民风情影响,创作出符合市民口味的文学作品。但因他们长期受封建儒家正统文化的影响,所以其行为与其作品中的形象通常又是矛盾的。     

A new aging concept derived from the increasing convex ordering

In this paper, a comparison between the life distribution of a new unit with that of a used unit in the increasing convex order is made leading to a new class of life distributions which we call “new better than used in convex ordering of second order”. This class includes as subclasses the NBU and the NBUC and is a subclass of the NBUCA class. Preservation properties under convolution, random maxima, mixing and formation of coherent structures are established. Stochastic comparisons of the excess lifetime when the inter-arrival times belong to the NBUC(2) class are developed. Some applications of Poisson shock models and a test of exponentiality against NBUC(2) alternative are presented.     

Competitive compensation and subjective well-being: The effect of culture and gender

This paper uses a controlled experiment to investigate how subjects exposed to competition in the workplace react in terms of well-being, and how this translates into productivity. The experiment was performed in Korea, a country with an interdependent culture, and France, a country with an independent culture. Exposure to the tournament slightly improves well-being in the Korean sample and decreases it in France. This different response is driven primarily by the opposite response of female subjects, with Korean women liking and French women disliking to compete. Finally, an improvement in well-being is associated with ex-post higher productivity in France, and this positive effect is most salient in the French male population; in Korea, a similar positive effect can be observed only in the female population.