政策性农业保险的补贴政策及绩效——浙江省“共保体”的实践

农业保险中的支持政策,不论对于增加农户的有效需求,还是加强农户的风险意识,抑或是降低保险公司供给过程中面临的道德风险,最终都会实现社会效用的增加。浙江省政策性农业保险对象主要面向种养大户,采用共保经营、互保合作并行的方式,设有水稻、生猪、鸡、鸭等13个试点共保品种。目前浙江省实行赔偿责任补贴,“共保体”根据巨灾风险状况和商业保险公司的承受能力,通过调整赔付方式实行有限责任赔付。考虑到农业保险涉及加强农业基础地位的政策性保险业务,浙江省还将对“共保俸”的赔偿责任进行相应的财政扶持。同时实行二次赔付：先由共保体向农户支付核定损失50％的预付赔款;再在保险年度末统计全省全年总赔款后,进行个案清算。其社会效应主要表现在稳定农民收入和缓解城乡社会事业的矛盾,促进城乡一体化建设等方面。     

宁夏女性领导绩效影响因素与提升路径研究

习近平主席在全球妇女峰会上强调,中国将更加积极贯彻男女平等的基本国策,发挥妇女"半边天"作用,支持妇女建功立业、实现人生理想和梦想。通过接受高质量的培训发展项目,女性领导可以促进自身发展和有效提升领导绩效。特别是在优秀组织文化的影响和加持下,女性领导的领导绩效可以得到更为出色的发挥,从而助力女性领导和组织实现双赢,最终实现她们的人生理想。     

基于结构方程的内工大普研教育满意度研究

随着我国高等教育的普及,研究生教育日益重要,对在读研究生的满意度进行研究也就具有实际意义。本文以顾客满意度作为出发点,结合结构方程模型的工具,对高校普研教育满意度设立模型,通过不断修正,最终形成五个潜变量和十五个测量变量的理论模型,并对模型进行实证分析,通过模型的拟合度检验了模型与数据的合理性,以期为我校改善普研教育机制提供理论依据。     

绩效评价中主管评价与自我评价的差异性研究

通过386份数据,实证分析了员工绩效“自我评价”与“主管评价”结果差异与员工人口特征变量的关系。分析结果显示,在“入职时间”和“职位层次”两个人口特征变量上,自我评价与主管评价不仅总体评价结果存在显著性差异,而且在“工作业绩”、“工作能力”、“工作态度”、“合作意识”等四个维度上表现出不同程度的显著性差异。在“性别”变量上,“合作意识”维度表现出显著性差异;在“文化程度”变量上,“工作能力”维度表现出显著性差异;在“跳槽次数”变量上,“工作态度”维度表现出显著性差异。文章根据实证分析结论,提出了相应的提高绩效评价数据信度和效度的建议。     

工程合同履约约束剖析

在工程项目建设的过程中 ,合同起着十分重要的作用 ,它是合同双方都必须遵守的标准 ;本文从合同的定义出发 ,对合同当事人受到的履约约束进行了全面详细的研究 ,剖析了合同对合同当事人的各种约束     

双重边缘化状态下的文化产业融资难问题解析

在加快文化产业发展过程中,金融资本对于推进文化产业发展具有重要的作用,但“融资难”问题已成为制约文化产业发展的桎梏.出现文化产业“融资难”现象的根本原因在于文化产业被金融业双重边缘化的问题:一是文化产业发展的特殊性决定了它与建立在工商业基础上的金融体系之间存在着不兼容性,导致整个产业被金融业边缘化;二是由于我国文化产业尚处于发展初期,产业内部企业规模结构因市场分割导致的规模偏小,小型、微型企业的广泛分布导致了金融业因规模偏好带来的边缘化.解决“融资难”问题的关键不能局限于出台一项或数项具体激励措施,而在于调整改善制度结构,通过文化企业、金融业、政府三个主体的自我完善和调整,实现相互适应、共同发展,提高文化产业与金融业的对接效率,为文化产业融资提供一个良好的运行平台,进而推动文化产业快速发展.     

我国民事证据交换制度的反思与完善

证据交换制度作为我国民事审判方式改革进程中的重要内容,对于完善审理结构、提高诉讼效率和质量、实现集中审理具有重要意义.在推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革的背景下,针对司法实践中证据交换制度适用率较低的现状,需要进一步完善证据交换制度的程序设计,明确证据交换的实施主体、组织方式及法律效果,从而更好地发挥证据交换制度的作用.     

Attenuating Initial Beliefs: Increasing the Acceptance of Anthropogenic Climate Change Information by Reflecting on Values

Anthropogenic climate change information tends to be interpreted against the backdrop of initial environmental beliefs, which can lead to some people being resistant toward the information. In this article (N = 88), we examined whether self‐affirmation via reflection on personally important values could attenuate the impact of initial beliefs on the acceptance of anthropogenic climate change evidence. Our findings showed that initial beliefs about the human impact on ecological stability influenced the acceptance of information only among nonaffirmed participants. Self‐affirmed participants who were initially resistant toward the information showed stronger beliefs in the existence of climate change risks and greater acknowledgment that individual efficacy has a role to play in reducing climate change risks than did their nonaffirmed counterparts.     

Moment‐Independent Sensitivity Analysis Using Copula

In risk assessment, the moment‐independent sensitivity analysis (SA) technique for reducing the model uncertainty has attracted a great deal of attention from analysts and practitioners. It aims at measuring the relative importance of an individual input, or a set of inputs, in determining the uncertainty of model output by looking at the entire distribution range of model output. In this article, along the lines of Plischke et al., we point out that the original moment‐independent SA index (also called delta index) can also be interpreted as the dependence measure between model output and input variables, and introduce another moment‐independent SA index (called extended delta index) based on copula. Then, nonparametric methods for estimating the delta and extended delta indices are proposed. Both methods need only a set of samples to compute all the indices; thus, they conquer the problem of the “curse of dimensionality.” At last, an analytical test example, a risk assessment model, and the levelE model are employed for comparing the delta and the extended delta indices and testing the two calculation methods. Results show that the delta and the extended delta indices produce the same importance ranking in these three test examples. It is also shown that these two proposed calculation methods dramatically reduce the computational burden.     

Improving Risk Management: From Lame Excuses to Principled Practice

The three classic pillars of risk analysis are risk assessment (how big is the risk and how sure can we be?), risk management (what shall we do about it?), and risk communication (what shall we say about it, to whom, when, and how?). We propose two complements as important parts of these three bases: risk attribution (who or what addressable conditions actually caused an accident or loss?) and learning from experience about risk reduction (what works, and how well?). Failures in complex systems usually evoke blame, often with insufficient attention to root causes of failure, including some aspects of the situation, design decisions, or social norms and culture. Focusing on blame, however, can inhibit effective learning, instead eliciting excuses to deflect attention and perceived culpability. Productive understanding of what went wrong, and how to do better, thus requires moving past recrimination and excuses. This article identifies common blame‐shifting “lame excuses” for poor risk management. These generally contribute little to effective improvements and may leave real risks and preventable causes unaddressed. We propose principles from risk and decision sciences and organizational design to improve results. These start with organizational leadership. More specifically, they include: deliberate testing and learning—especially from near‐misses and accident precursors; careful causal analysis of accidents; risk quantification; candid expression of uncertainties about costs and benefits of risk‐reduction options; optimization of tradeoffs between gathering additional information and immediate action; promotion of safety culture; and mindful allocation of people, responsibilities, and resources to reduce risks. We propose that these principles provide sound foundations for improving successful risk management.