先进制造模式研究综述

本文明确阐述了先进制造模式及其特性,分析了当前世界各国在实施先进制造战略方面的进展.针对近几年来国内外对敏捷制造、绿色制造、计算机集成制造、大规模定制、精益生产等几种典型的先进制造模式的研究内容和实践效果进行综述,并进一步探讨在此研究领域中的未来发展趋势.     

非正式控制对销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的影响

正式控制的局限性、企业对客户关系的重视以及销售人员素质的提高,使得企业越发重视销售人员的非正式控制,但是关于非正式控制对销售人员绩效和客户关系质量影响的研究还较少,非正式控制时销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的作用机制与作用效果还没有得到有效验证.本文在理论分析的基础上,建立了非正式控制影响销售人员绩效和客户关系质量的概念模型和研究假设,并进行了实证检验.结果表明:非正式控制对绩效既有直接影响,也有间接影响,其中间接影响的中介变量为角色明晰性:非正式控制只能通过角色明晰性和情感性承诺对客户关系质量产生间接影响,而对客户关系质量的直接影响不显著.非正式控制对角色明晰性、情感性承诺、绩效、客户关系质量影响的总效应分别为0.38、0.51、0.48、0.48.实证研究结果为企业强化销售人员的非正式控制提供了理论支撑,对其他员工管理控制的研究与实践也具有借鉴意义.     

CRM赢回策略对消费者购买行为影响的实证研究

一直以来,营销学界都把客户关系管理(Customer Rehtionship Management)的重点放在如何获得新顾客和维持现有顾客身上,而流失顾客赢回管理工作的重要性却长久地被忽视.为了证明失而复得顾客的重要价值,作者把顾客在流失前、赢回后两个不同阶段的满意度和购买份额作对比分析,结果发现,赢回后的顾客满意度和购买份额较流失前显著增加;用关系投资或价格促销策略赢回来的顾客满意度和购买份额,较被关系投资或价格促销吸引来的新顾客满意度和购买份额显著提高;流失前,顾客满意度与购买份额之间拟合的函数曲线呈反S型,厂商策略对这一阶段的顾客行为影响不显著;赢回后,顾客满意度与购买份额之间拟合的函数曲线呈S型,赢回策略对这一阶段的顾客行为影响显著;满意度与购买份额拟合的函数曲线参考点发生了位移.     

我国医药制造业的区域差异与空间集聚

基于省际面板数据,采用区位产值指数、地区专业化指数及空间分离指数,并把2001-2010这10年分成2001-2004、2004-2007及2007-2010三个时间段,分析了中国医药制造业的区域差异和空间集聚状况。研究结果表明,东部地区总体的专业化水平高于西部地区低于中部地区,而且各地区间的专业化水平差异较大,尤其是东部各省市与中西部的比较;另外,地区专业化水平在三个时段呈现“低-高-低”的特点,十年间整个医药制造业的空间集聚程度也表现出“扩散-集聚-扩散”的规律。最后,给出了相应的政策建议。     

机械设计制造工艺学课程改革与大学生工程能力培养实践

围绕大学生工程能力的培养,在优化整合课程内容、编写特点鲜明教材、改变教学方法和手段、加强实验教学等方面进行机械设计制造工艺学课程的教学改革与实践.这一改革实践改变了注重理论和知识传承而对学生能力培养重视不足现状,解决了生产对工艺能力要求的加强与学时压缩的矛盾;合理处理了新知识新工艺快速发展与传统知识更新和传承的协调;突出了实验教学特色.实践证明,围绕学生工程能力培养进行教学,学生的工程能力会有较大提高.     

Competitive Capabilities among Manufacturing Plants in Developing,Emerging, and Industrialized Countries: A Comparative Analysis

Competitive capabilities have been defined as a plant's actual performance relative to its competitors, with the most commonly investigated capabilities being quality, delivery, flexibility, and cost. However, most research in this realm has investigated capabilities within developed countries, and neglected the context of developing and emerging nations, which are increasingly becoming viable economic entities in global supply chains in their own right. The present study fills this gap and carries out a comparative analysis of competitive capabilities among plants in developing, emerging, and industrialized countries. Basing our arguments on the resource‐based view of the firm, we suggest that the influence of competitive capabilities on each other varies among plants in differentially industrialized regions. Specifically, we suggest that, on average, competitive capabilities tend to influence each other to a greater degree in plants in emerging and developing countries compared to industrialized countries. Along similar lines, we suggest that the influence of the four competitive capabilities on performance improvement is manifested more strongly among plants in emerging and developing countries than among plants in industrialized nations. We investigate these contentions with data from 1,211 plants in 21 countries. The results are particularly important for decision makers as they decide on the increasingly global location of their manufacturing operations or the configuration of their global supply chains.     

Longitudinal Analysis of Inhibitors of Manufacturer Delivery Performance

This article examines demand, manufacturing, and supply factors proposed to inhibit manufacturer delivery execution. Extant research proposes many factors expected to harm delivery performance. Prior cross‐sectional empirical research examines such factors at the plant level, generally finding factors arising from dynamic complexity to be significant, but factors arising from detail complexity to be insignificant. Little empirical research examines the factors using product‐level operating data, which arguably makes more sense for analyzing how supply chain complexity factors inhibit delivery. For purposes of research triangulation, we use longitudinal product‐level data from MRP systems to examine whether the factors inhibit internal manufacturing on time job rates and three customer‐oriented measures of delivery performance: product line item fill rates, average delivery lead times, and average tardiness. Our econometric models pool product line item data across division plants and within distinct product families, using a proprietary monthly dataset on over 100 product line items from the environmental controls manufacturing division of a Fortune 100 conglomerate. The data summarize customer ordering events of over 900 customers and supply chain activities of over 80 suppliers. The study contributes academically by finding significant detail complexity inhibitors of delivery that prior studies found insignificant. The findings demonstrate the need for empirical research using data disaggregated below the plant‐level unit of analysis, as they illustrate how some factors previously found insignificant indeed are significant when considered at the product‐level unit of analysis. Managers can use the findings to understand better which drivers and inhibitors of delivery performance are important.     

Looking Inside Glitch Mitigation Capability: The Effect of Intraorganizational Communication Channels

Manufacturers can reduce the occurrence of glitches in their operations by building capabilities to prevent them, yet mitigation capabilities are also needed to contain the effects of the glitches that will still inevitably occur every now and then. We examine the glitch mitigation capability of a production process from an information‐processing perspective and propose that (i) the impact of operational glitches on delivery performance is contingent on the formalization of intrafirm communication channels and (ii) this effect is stronger when formal communication channels are complemented with informal channels. We test our model in a sample of 163 make‐to‐order production processes and find support for the first hypothesis and partial support for the second hypothesis. The statistical analyses also reveal nonhypothesized empirical regularities, which we explore through an additional qualitative study based on 34 site visits and 30 interviews with production planners. The results have practical implications for the design of intraorganizational communication channels, and they also contribute to the research on organizational resilience and communications by showing that when coping with disruptions, the formal communication channels have advantages that are seldom discussed in the literature or recognized by practitioners.     

辽代金银器制作工艺探析

辽代金银器种类丰富,制作工艺也非常成熟。通过对辽代金银器制作工艺做分类介绍的同时,将辽代与唐代的金银器制作工艺进行对比,探析辽代与唐代在金银器制作工艺上的关系。     

服务质量决定要因顾客满足和行动意图的影响--在中国服务产业的应用

为维持现有顾客和创造新顾客,服务企业必须知道怎样实施服务质量战略来增加顾客满足和行动意图,因为服务质量、顾客满足和顾客行动意图之间存在着因果关系.本研究把整体服务质量分解为相互作用质量、物理环境质量、结果质量三个决定要因,并对服务质量决定要因对顾客满足和行动意图的影响进行了研究,实证检验在中国服务产业中进行.对研究模型的验证结果支持本研究提出的所有因果假设,即构成整体服务质量的三个决定要因对顾客满足具有显著的正向影响,顾客满足对行动意图具有显著的正向影响.而且,对于中国顾客来说,服务质量决定要因对顾客满足的相对影响力依次为"结果质量"＞"相互作用质量"＞"物理环境质量".