Cognitive and interpersonal abilities related to the primary activities of R&D managers

This study attempted to identify the primary activities performed by R&D managers at different supervisory levels, and the cognitive and interpersonal ability requirements that underlie these activities. A task inventory containing 244 managerial tasks was completed by 117 R&D managers in nine organizations. The 48 tasks which managers rated as having spent the most time were factor analyzed, resulting in the identification of three primary activities: project management, personnel supervision, and strategic planning. Furthermore, these activities varied with supervisory level, with R&D managers performing a wider range of these activities with the progression from first-line to upper-level management.Thirty R&D managers later rated the degree to which 19 cognitive and interpersonal abilities were required for performing these primary activities. Strategic planning was rated as requiring significantly higher levels of oral expression, logical reasoning, originality, fluency of ideas, oral defense, and resistance to premature judgement than was required for the other two primary activities. Personnel supervision required a higher level of social sensitivity than was required for the other two activities. Project management required high levels of information ordering, oral fact- finding ability, problem sensitivity, and oral and written comprehension. Implications of the findings for understanding R&D managerial performance and personnel staffing functions are discussed.     

《围城》的翻译策略及其成因

《围城》英译本出版后受到广泛好评,但也有些评论者对译文持有异议。他们用单一“归化”的翻译标准评判译文,认为在语言层面和文化层面有若干值得商榷的地方。本文从译文202条注释对象入手,运用穷举法,着力探明《围城》的翻译策略及其成因。结果表明,译者所采用的策略是“异化为主,归化为辅”。究其原因,这种策略与翻译目的、文本类型、社会环境以及赞助人等因素有关。     

从社会建构主义角度审视我国的外语教学

英国的两位学者Williams和Burden在批判性地总结、分析了当代一些重要的教育心理学理论基础上,提出外语教学的“社会建构主义”理论模式。提出影响教学过程的四个因素分别是教师、学生、任务或环境,并指出他们在一个动态的过程中相互作用。该模式对我国的外语教学有着十分重要的启示作用。     

中国四川变点颊脊隐翅虫群一新种（英）

变点颊脊隐翅虫群目前已知10种,都生活在东亚和东南亚地区 ( Smetana, 1998 ),其中,来自越南北部 1种,尼泊尔1种,日本1种,中国7种.本文记述并图示中国四川一新种,卢氏颊脊隐翅虫,Quedius (Raphirus) luae,该种与Q. (R.) jindrai相似,但除雄性外生殖器的差异外,腹部第1背板两侧无金色毛簇,触角和足的颜色也与之有别.     

R＆D经费投入的国际比较与借鉴

R&D经费投入是评价国家科技实力和科技发展水平的首选指标 ,长期以来已为世界各国和重要国际组织所普遍采用。本文主要针对我国R&D经费投入与国际间的比较 ,分析我国R&D投入所处的阶段及R&D投入方面存在的差距与困难 ,最后提出对策与建议     

基于因子分析的区域R&D绩效评价研究

研究与试验发展(R&D)活动是促进区域和谐发展的重要力量,区域R&D绩效水平的评价对促进区域R&D活动的有很强的实际意义,因子分析方法对于大量数据的抽象分析有较好的效果,适合R&D活动评价的特点,它在评价过程中能够避免人为因素影响而进行客观的评价,文章最后根据结果数据分析得出了我国创新效率有待提高的结论。     

浅探杠杆收购战略在我国运用的可行性

企业购并是国外特别是美国企业成长和发展的一个重要手段。在一百多年的企业发展历史上,在完全市场经济的条件下,美国企业、金融界进行了大量的创新,开发了丰富的金融工具。其中杠杆收购战略就是创新工具的一个典型例子。尽管我国开始市场经济的时间较短,但是金融界和政府部门一直在改革和创新具有中国特色的金融市场。探讨杠杆收购战略在我国运用的可行性,可以为我国的企业购并注入新的活力。     

AN ALGORITHM FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF OPTIMAL OR NEAR-OPTIMAL CHANGE-OVER DESIGNS

This paper presents an algorithm for the construction of optimal or near optimal change-over designs for arbitrary numbers of treatments, periods and units. Previous research on optimality has been either theoretical or has resulted in limited tabulations of small optimal designs. The algorithm consists of a number of steps:first find an optimal direct treatment effects design, ignoring residual effects, and then optimise this class of designs with respect to residual effects. Poor designs are avoided by judicious application of the (M, S)-optimality criterion, and modifications of it, to appropriate matrices. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by examples.     

二维氢原子和二维谐振子(英文)

本文借助于SU（1．1）代数找出了二维氢原子与二维谐振子的能量本征值。能基本征态、角动量以及能级简并度间的关系．     

提高开启式2F48型活塞式制冷压缩机性能的研究

本文通过对2F4.8制冷压缩机热力过程的计算机模拟,获得气阀参数对压缩机热力性能影响的数据资料,以改进气阀结构。经过试验证明,可提高压缩机制冷量和性能系数10%以上。